Combined Effects of Temperature and Irradiation on Concrete Damage

Pape, Yann Le; Giorla, Alain B.; Sanahuja, Julien

doi:10.3151/jact.14.70

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Another topic that warrants further study is the numerical modeling of concrete properties from aggregate size (Giorla et al 2015(Giorla et al , 2017Le Pape et al 2016). Numerical modeling of concrete should elucidate the cracking behavior and creep of mortar and/or paste.…”

Section: Neutron Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Soundness Assessment Procedure for Concrete Members Affected by Neutron and Gamma-Ray Irradiation

Maruyama

Kontani

Takizawa

et al. 2017

ACT

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In 2008, Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) (currently integrated to the Nuclear Regulatory Authority) launched a project to develop a soundness assessment method for concrete members subject to a radiation environment. Presently, the soundness of concrete members subject to radiation is evaluated based on whether the predicted fast neutron fluence and gamma-ray dose values are lower than specific reference values in Japan, which are 1×10 20 n/cm 2 and 2×10 5 kGy, respectively. These reference values were determined based on report by Hilsdorf et al. This project begins by reviewing Hilsdorf et al.'s report, and we find that the scientific evidence for the current reference values is weak. We thus conclude that new experimental research is required to assess the current reference values and to propose a new alternative soundness assessment procedure if needed. We quantitatively evaluated the influence of neutrons, gammarays, and the resultant heating and drying processes on the strength of concrete as well as their underlying mechanisms. The irradiation experiments confirmed the degradation mechanism of concrete due to neutron irradiation. The main reason for this degradation is the metamictization of rock-forming minerals, which, in turn, leads to aggregate expansion. Due to aggregate expansion, cracks around aggregates form, which reduce the compressive strength and Young's modulus of concrete. Among the rock-forming minerals, α-quartz is the most sensitive to neutron radiation.60 Co gamma-ray irradiation experiments demonstrated that concrete strength increased as the gamma-ray dose and gammaray flux does not have a dose-rate impact on the first radiolysis of evaporable water in cement paste within the present study. The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the properties of concrete is equivalent to that of heating and drying. Concrete strength alteration due to heating and drying is attributed to the colloidal and porous nature of hardened cement paste and crack formation around the aggregate due to a mismatch in the volume changes of the mortar and aggregate. In addition, a numerical analysis code called DEVICE (Damage EValuation for Irradiated ConcretE) is developed to harness knowledge obtained from concrete samples to predict the distribution of the physical properties in concrete members and their changes over time. From these fundamental studies, we propose a new soundness assessment procedure for concrete members subject to radiation. We also recommend a new radiation-induced strength-degradation reference value of 1×10 19 n/cm 2 for fast neutron.

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Section: Neutron Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Soundness Assessment Procedure for Concrete Members Affected by Neutron and Gamma-Ray Irradiation

Maruyama

Kontani

Takizawa

et al. 2017

ACT

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“…where αaggr is the coefficient of thermal expansion of α-quartz aggregates, α0 = -0.52•10 -6 1/°C is the coefficient of thermal expansion of α-quartz after phase transformation due to elevated temperature, α1 = 8.63•10 -6 1/°C, εC = 0.85 % and εL = 4.27 % are fitted material parameters according to (Le Pape et al, 2016). Fig.…”

Section: Concrete Degradation Caused By Operation Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of VVER-440/213 concrete biological shield under normal operation

Khmurovska

Štemberk

Fekete

et al. 2019

Nuclear Engineering and Design

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The numerical approach for the coupled damage-creep modeling of concrete biological shield, which combines the current and the past knowledge regarding the effects of irradiation and temperature on concrete with the real measured and calculated neutron fluence and temperature distribution for VVER-440/213 reactors, is described in detail in this study. The proposed approach takes into account the real structural geometry as well as the real neutron fluence and temperature distribution and the latest knowledge about the effect of irradiation and temperature on concrete strength and stiffness. The radiation induced volumetric expansion and the thermal expansion of concrete are modeled. According to the results of the numerical simulation, the analyzed structure reaches critical damage within the time interval from 10.00 to 35.25 years of normal operation. The damage of the concrete biological shield of the VVER reactor will not affect the load-bearing function of the containment building, since the biological shield is self-bearing. The shielding properties of the biological shield may be reduced due to the appearance of the radial cracks, however, the concrete wall, which is situated right behind the biological shield, will ensure the necessary shielding. Therefore, the concrete biological shield of the VVER reactors can be considered as sacrificial structure and can be damaged without significant consequences. However, this study implies the importance of capability to predict the behavior of those PWR reactor biological shields which serve both the load-bearing and shielding purposes.

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“…A literature review of publicly available data and modeling studies (Le Giorla et al 2015;Le Pape et al 2016;Giorla et al 2017) confirmed anterior studies (Hilsdorf et al 1978;Seeberger and Hilsdorf 1982) about the dominant role of radiation-induced volumetric expansion (RIVE) of aggregates in the development of damage in concrete subjected to neutron radiation. In particular, higher irradiation susceptibility was found as a direct function of aggregates, i.e., their propensity of swelling was found directly influenced by their minerals contents, structures and textures.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Hence, the minerals RIVE paramaters provided in this document are directly applicable to LWRs conditions. Based on the interpretation of Bykov et al's data (Bykov et al 1981;Le Pape et al 2016) found a quasi-linear relation. It can also be assumed that the temperature effects could be derived through an activation-energy-type relation (Arrhenius 1889).…”

Section: Zubov's Model (Z)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Rock-Forming Minerals Radiation-Induced Volumetric Expansion – Revisiting Literature Data

Pape

Alsaid

Giorla

2018

ACT

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Neutron radiation-induced volumetric expansion (RIVE) of concrete aggregate is recognized as a major degradation mechanism causing extensive damage to concrete constituents (Hilsdorf et al. 1978;Seeberger and Hilsdorf 1982;. Nearly 400 RIVE data obtained in test-reactors on varied rock-forming minerals were collected by Denisov et al. (2012). These data were input into the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) irradiated minerals, aggregates and concrete (IMAC) database and were reanalyzed in order to develop a general empirical model for minerals RIVE and interpret the susceptibility of silicates toward expansion. The empirical models best regression coefficient (r 2 ≈ 0.95) is obtained by combining two different modeling techniques: (1) an interpolation-like model based on the relative distance to existing data points, and, (2) a nonlinear regression model assuming varied mathematical forms to describe RIVE as a function of the neutron fluence 3 and the average irradiation temperature. The susceptibility to develop irradiation-induced expansion greatly varies with the nature of minerals. Silicates, i.e., [SiO 4 ] 4-bearing minerals show a wide range of maximum RIVEs, from a few percents to what appears as a bounding value of 17.8% for quartz. The maximum RIVE of varied silicates appears to be governed, macroscopically, by three parameters: (1) Primarily, the dimensionality of silicate polymerization (DOSP), (2) the relative number of Si-O bond per unit cell, and, (3) the relative bonding energy (RBE) of the unit cell.

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Combined Effects of Temperature and Irradiation on Concrete Damage

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Development of Soundness Assessment Procedure for Concrete Members Affected by Neutron and Gamma-Ray Irradiation

Development of Soundness Assessment Procedure for Concrete Members Affected by Neutron and Gamma-Ray Irradiation

Numerical analysis of VVER-440/213 concrete biological shield under normal operation

Rock-Forming Minerals Radiation-Induced Volumetric Expansion – Revisiting Literature Data

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