“…In recent years, a significant body of research has been devoted to studying the molecular level interactions of these organic compounds with Ni{111}, {100}, and {110} single-crystal surfaces, employing surface science techniques such as temperature-programmed (TP) desorption, infrared spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. These include studies of just the modifiers (TA, Glu, and Ala) − or reactants (MAA) , and coadsorption studies of reactants and modifiers (MAA with TA, Glu, and Asp) in vacuum and under (wet) reaction conditions. ,,− The latter research, carried out by Baddeley’s group, found strong evidence for a one-to-one interaction between the chiral modifier and MAA. Recent work from our group , has shown that MAA adsorbs on Ni{100} and Ni{111} as deprotonated enolate species, with bidentate coordination through the C–O groups.…”