Combined heat and power as a contributory means of maintaining a green environment

Industrial combined heat and power (CHP) planning: Development of a methodology and application in Greece

“…The total number of the CHP plants is further related to the operation hours of each one of them. In order to include the above restriction in the current analysis, the extreme case that all the additional CHP plants operate at a load factor of 100% is assumed; then, the maximum number of CHP plants that are necessary for the 'thermal match' scenario is eleven (11) and the amount of electricity that is sold to the grid could not exceed the 550,000 MWh. Nevertheless, the 20% of the CHP electricity produced according to the 'thermal match' scenario is always lower than the threshold of the 550,000 MWh and the results of the analysis are not influenced by further changes of the load factor.…”

“…(8) and (9). Moreover, Greek national legislation dictates that the maximum amount of excess CHP electricity allowed for sale to the grid 11 is the 20% of the annually CHP electricity produced and it could not exceed the 50,000 MWh for each plant, provided that the maximum installed capacity is 35 MWe [52]. Therefore, the maximum installed capacity for each additional CHP plant assumed for the developed scenarios, is considered 35 MWe; additionally, the amount of CHP electricity that is sold to the grid could not exceed the 50,000 MWh multiplied with the total number of CHP plants when the 'thermal match' scenario is considered.…”

“…CHP contributes to the above through efficient transformation of fuels into energy services and subsequent smaller environmental pressures. Generating electricity by CHP has clear environmental advantages by increasing energy efficiency and decreasing carbon emissions [2,[11][12][13][14]. CHP together with energy conservation and renewable energy are essential for the implementation of the European climate change objectives [15].…”

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle— A Review of IGCC Technology

“…Cogeneration reduces national fuel consumption and therefore has a beneficial effect on the environment in general. It results in overall reduction in emissions of CO,, SO,, NO, and particulates (Taki et al, 1991). However, its application appraisal is still sensitive to the economic criteria employed.…”