Combined heat, cooling, and power systems based on half effect absorption chillers and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Loreti, Gabriele; Facci, Andrea Luigi; Baffo, Ilaria; Ubertini, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.109

Cited by 53 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The systems described in section 2 are modeled through a steady-state, lumped parameter approach implemented in Aspen Plus [8]. All chemical reactors involved are based on the GIBBS reactor to predict the composition under chemical equilibrium [9,10]. All relevant chemical reactions, including dry/steam methane reforming, partial oxidation, and water-gas shift reaction, are considered.…”

Section: Components Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of integrated fuel processing options for biogas-fed solid-oxide fuel cell plants

Loreti

Wang

et al. 2021

E3S Web Conf.

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The Solid-oxide fuel cell is a highly efficient prime mover for biogas conversion, but a part of biogas needs to be reformulated externally to facilitate the electrochemical conversion, easy control of reforming conditions, and thermal management of the stack. Carbon deposition and external mineralcarrying water should be avoided to ensure the durability of the fuel processor and stack catalysts. This paper investigates four plant layouts with different anode off-gas recirculation schemes and biogas reforming methods: (1) pre-reforming with hot recirculation (HR), (2) pre-reforming with cold recirculation (CR), (3) no pre-reforming and hot recirculation (NR), (4) partial oxidation with hot recirculation (PO). All the schemes feature an electrolyte supported SOFC working at 860°C and 0.23 A/cm2 current density. A sensitivity analysis of the plant efficiency as a function of the Recirculation Ratio (RR) and the Reformer Temperature (RT) is performed. The results show that HR and CR schemes achieve the highest efficiency (58-63%). The HR scheme benefits from the recirculated water and does not require external water for RR > 50% and RT > 600°C; the CR scheme achieves the same result for RR > 80% and RT > 700°C. The optimal RR is within 50 – 80% for the highest system efficiency, as a trade-off between the overall fuel utilization and electrochemistry performance. The RT should be between 600 and 700°C. The HR scheme is the overall best performing if the re-circulator and stack designs do not limit the flow rates at a high RR.

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Section: Components Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of integrated fuel processing options for biogas-fed solid-oxide fuel cell plants

Loreti

Wang

et al. 2021

E3S Web Conf.

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“…The efficiency of the trigeneration plant depends on the season. During the winter the thermal CHP efficiency is equal to 0.55 [15], while during the summer the waste heat is recovered by an absorption chiller with an average efficiency equal to 0.41 [11]. Both parameters are assumed to be constant.…”

Section: Cchp-pem Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a multi-energy system under different hydrogen deployment scenarios

et al. 2021

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Multi Energy Systems (MES) are effective means to increase Renewable Energy Sources (RES) penetration in the energy system and therefore to move toward a decentralized low-carbon system. Several energy vectors can be integrated together to exploit synergies in a MES framework, such as electricity, heat and hydrogen. The latter is one of the most promising energy carriers to promote widespread use of MES. Predictive management and well-defined sizing methodology are mandatory to achieve maximum performance out of MES. In this study a grid-connected MES consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) plant, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as a programmable Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP) source, is modelled. Natural gas is considered as an alternative fuel to pure hydrogen. Mixed Integer Linear Programming and Genetic Algorithm are used respectively to solve operation and sizing problems. A single-objective optimization approach, including emission factors as optimization constraints, is carried out to find the optimal configuration of the MES. Several future scenarios are studied, considering different percentages of hydrogen in the gas mixture and comparing the techno-economic performance of the system with respect to a pure hydrogen fueling scenario. Results showed that the environmental objective within the design optimization, promote the use of hydrogen, especially in scenarios with high share of green hydrogen.

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“…Among the most promising technologies, both for power generation and energy storage, hydrogen-based energy systems have shown interesting potential in recent years, due to their innumerable advantages for the environment, economy and energy availability and security for final users [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. One of the key issues for the actual development of H 2 economy is the distribution and storage of such an element [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Modeling and Design of a PCM-Enhanced H2 Storage

Facci

Lauricella²,

Succi

et al. 2021

Energies

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Thermal and mechanical energy storage is pivotal for the effective exploitation of renewable energy sources, thus fostering the transition to a sustainable economy. Hydrogen-based systems are among the most promising solutions for electrical energy storage. However, several technical and economic barriers (e.g., high costs, low energy and power density, advanced material requirements) still hinder the diffusion of such solutions. Similarly, the realization of latent heat storages through phase change materials is particularly attractive because it provides high energy density in addition to allowing for the storage of the heat of fusion at a (nearly) constant temperature. In this paper, we posit the challenge to couple a metal hydride H2 canister with a latent heat storage, in order to improve the overall power density and realize a passive control of the system temperature. A highly flexible numerical solver based on a hybrid Lattice Boltzmann Phase-Field (LB-PF) algorithm is developed to assist the design of the hybrid PCM-MH tank by studying the melting and solidification processes of paraffin-like materials. The present approach is used to model the storage of the heat released by the hydride during the H2 loading process in a phase change material (PCM). The results in terms of Nusselt numbers are used to design an enhanced metal-hydride storage for H2-based energy systems, relevant for a reliable and cost-effective “Hydrogen Economy”. The application of the developed numerical model to the case study demonstrates the feasibility of the posited design. Specifically, the phase change material application significantly increases the heat flux at the metal hydride surface, thus improving the overall system power density.

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Combined heat, cooling, and power systems based on half effect absorption chillers and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Cited by 53 publications

References 60 publications

Comparison of integrated fuel processing options for biogas-fed solid-oxide fuel cell plants

Comparison of integrated fuel processing options for biogas-fed solid-oxide fuel cell plants

Design of a multi-energy system under different hydrogen deployment scenarios

Optimized Modeling and Design of a PCM-Enhanced H2 Storage

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