Combined physiological and transcriptome analysis revealed the response mechanism of Pogostemon cablin roots to p-hydroxybenzoic acid

Abstract

Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) cultivation is challenged by serious soil sickness, of which autotoxins accumulation is a major cause. p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) is one of the main autotoxins of patchouli. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the response of patchouli to p-HBA remains unclear. In this study, RNA-sequencing combined with physiological analysis was used to monitor the dynamic transcriptomic and physiological changes in patchouli seedlings 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after p-HBA treatment. p-HBA stress inhibited root biomass accumulation, induced excessive hydrogen peroxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and activated most antioxidant enzymes. Compared with that of the control, the osmotic adjustment substance content was elevated with treatment. Subsequently, 15,532, 8,217, 8,946, 2,489, and 5,843 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after p-HBA treatment, respectively, were identified in patchouli roots. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched mainly in plasma membrane, defense response, response to chitin, DNA-binding transcription factor activity and abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway. The upregulated genes were involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid metabolism. Genes associated with MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction were downregulated with p-HBA treatment. These pathways are related to root browning and rotting, leading to plant death.

Overexpression of GmWRKY172 enhances cadmium tolerance in plants and reduces cadmium accumulation in soybean seeds

“…RNA-seq has been utilized as a prospective method to investigate the intricate molecular pathways linked with a given phenotype ( Shen et al., 2020 ; Ji et al., 2022 ; Yan et al., 2022 ). Global differential gene expression profiling in the overexpressing soybean lines revealed that GmWRKY172 regulates multiple biological pathways.…”

An integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the gene network regulating flower development in Pogostemon cablin

“…Reads with a low quality (Q < 20) or containing more than 10% N bases were excluded using Trimmomatic-0.39.jar ( Yan et al., 2022 ). The P. cablin genome sequence, including the coding DNA sequence (CDS), protein sequences and GFF3 files, was downloaded from the figshare database ( https://figshare.com/ ).…”

“…The transcript abundance was determined using RSEM ( Li et al., 2011 ). DEGs (log2FC > 2 or < -2 and p value < 0.001) were screened using DESeq2 version 2.10 ( Yan et al., 2022 ). Correlations were determined by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r).…”

“…As a traditional Chinese medicine, P. cablin was listed in the first batch of “Lingnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Protected Species” in Guangdong Province, China, in 2017. The main active components of essential oil are sesquiterpene, including patchoulol, which decide the quality of P. cablin ( Shen et al., 2022 ; Yan et al., 2022 ). In the biosynthesis of patchoulol, the isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) are biosynthesized by the mevalonate (MVA), followed by the condensation to form farnesyl diphosphate (FPP).…”

A Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Casparian Strip Membrane Domain Protein-like Gene Family in Pogostemon cablin in Response to p-HBA-Induced Continuous Cropping Obstacles

“…Previous studies have found that the deterioration of soil physiochemical properties, the accumulation of allelochemicals, and the imbalance of microbial communities are the main causes of continuous cropping obstacles [12][13][14]. Among them, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) has been proved as a key allelochemical inducing the occurrence of P. cablin continuous cropping obstacles [15,16]. However, how does p-HBA induce the occurrence of P. cablin continuous cropping obstacles?…”