Combined preoxidation by permanganate and chlorine in enhancing the treatment of surface water

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Combined use of permanganate and chlorine has been shown to have synergistic action in disinfection. However, according to the literature the effects of combined preoxidation on coagulation and filtration have not been thoroughly investigated.

The effects of selected preoxidation strategies on I-THM formation and speciation

“…Preoxidants are used in water treatment for various reasons to: (i) control mussels in treatment plant intakes, (ii) reduce taste and odor problems, (iii) oxidize iron and manganese species, (iv) minimize algae growth in treatment tanks, (v) improve filtration, and/or (vi) enhance disinfection (Klerks and Fraleigh, 1991;Chen and Yeh, 2005;Alam et al, 2008;Liang et al, 2009). Potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) are often considered as alternative preoxidants to chlorine (Cl 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ), which have been shown to form regulated halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and bromate (BrO 3 À ),…”

Microbial and physicochemical assessment of irrigation water treatment methods

“…(Santoro et al 2007). Chlorinebased treatments have proven to be more effective in previously done studies due to their residual effect which gives continued efficacy over time, but the by-products can be detrimental to human health when there are other inputs like herbicide and insecticides (Liang et al 2009).…”

Application progress of enhanced coagulation in water treatment

“…2. 61 For highly toxic and difficult-to-degrade wastewater, the combination of one or more oxidation methods is also an approach, [62][63][64] and this is described in detail below.…”