Combined scanning electrochemical-atomic force microscopy (SECM-AFM): Simulation and experiment for flux-generation at un-insulated metal-coated probes

Holder, Mark N.; Gardner, Catherine E.; Macpherson, Julie V.; Unwin, Patrick R.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.07.004

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They can be used to probe chemistry in small volumes, to examine chemistry that occurs on a submicrosecond time scale, and to examine electrochemical reactions in solutions of very high resistance . These properties have made microelectrodes particularly useful for applications in biological systems, but also in other applications such as chromatography scanning-probe microscopy , and photoelectrochemical processes . The most common substrates for voltammetric ultramicroelectrodes are platinum, gold, and carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conical Tungsten Tips as Substrates for the Preparation of Ultramicroelectrodes

Hermans

Wightman

2006

Langmuir

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Here we describe a simple method to prepare voltammetric microelectrodes using tungsten wires as a substrate. Tungsten wires have high tensile modulus and enable the fabrication of electrodes that have small dimensions overall while retaining rigidity. In this work, 125 μm tungsten wires with a conical tip were employed. For the preparation of gold or platinum ultramicroelectrodes, commercial tungsten microelectrodes, completely insulated except at the tip, were used as substrates. Following removal of oxides from the exposed tungsten, platinum or gold was electroplated yielding surfaces with an electroactive area of between 1×10 −6 cm 2 to 2×10 −6 cm 2 . Carbon surfaces on the etched tip of tungsten microwires were prepared by coating with photoresist followed by pyrolysis. The entire electrode was then insulated with Epoxylite except the tip yielding an exposed carbon surface with an area of around 4×10 −6 cm 2 to 6×10 −6 cm 2 . All three types of ultramicroelectrodes fabricated on the tungsten wire had similar electrochemical behavior to electrodes fabricated from wires or fibers insulated with glass tubes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conical Tungsten Tips as Substrates for the Preparation of Ultramicroelectrodes

Hermans

Wightman

2006

Langmuir

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“…This current underestimation was also seen by Mazurenka et al in cavity ring-down response for cyclic voltammetry and potential-step chronoamperometry (using 2D models in FEMLAB) [26], and Schnippering et al in a thin layer arrangement [27]. Holder et al probed the potential step response of scanning electrochemical-atomic force microscopy via 3D FEM simulation -results show that the response follows Cottrelian behaviour within acceptable limits [28]. Basha et al utilised 2D FEMLAB simulations to model various electrode situations, such as moving electrodes, parallel plate electrodes, hull cells, curvilinear hull cells, thin layer galvanic cells, through hold plating, and recessed disk electrodes, to find good agreement with previously published experiments [29].…”

Section: Previous Literaturementioning

confidence: 63%

Analysis of commercial general engineering finite element software in electrochemical simulations

Cutress

Dickinson

Compton

2010

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…In order to achieve nanometer resolution in SECM analyses, the AFM technique was recently combined with SECM. Thus, the combined AFM-SECM technique using an AFM cantilever with a conductive coating as the tip electrode for SECM has led to recent progress [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. A number of approaches have been attempted in order to use the conductive cantilever as the tip electrode, with the objective to confine the active tip area of the AFM cantilever.…”

Section: Secm With Nanometer Resolution and Afm-secmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) Coupled to Atomic Force Microscopy with Sub-Micrometer Spatial Resolution to the Development and Discovery of Electrocatalysts

Park¹,

Jang²

2016

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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Development and discovery of efficient, cost-effective, and robust electrocatalysts are imperative for practical and widespread implementation of water electrolysis and fuel cell techniques in the anticipated hydrogen economy. The electrochemical reactions involved in water electrolysis, i.e., hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, are complex inner-sphere reactions with slow multi-electron transfer kinetics. To develop active electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, the physicochemical properties of the electrode surfaces in electrolyte solutions should be investigated and understood in detail. When electrocatalysis is conducted using nanoparticles with large surface areas and active surface states, analytical techniques with sub-nanometer resolution are required, along with material development. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is an electrochemical technique for studying the surface reactions and properties of various types of electrodes using a very small tip electrode. Recently, the morphological and chemical characteristics of single nanoparticles and bio-enzymes for catalytic reactions were studied with nanometer resolution by combining SECM with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Herein, SECM techniques are briefly reviewed, including the AFM-SECM technique, to facilitate further development and discovery of highly active, cost-effective, and robust electrode materials for efficient electrolysis and photolysis.

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Combined scanning electrochemical-atomic force microscopy (SECM-AFM): Simulation and experiment for flux-generation at un-insulated metal-coated probes

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Conical Tungsten Tips as Substrates for the Preparation of Ultramicroelectrodes

Conical Tungsten Tips as Substrates for the Preparation of Ultramicroelectrodes

Analysis of commercial general engineering finite element software in electrochemical simulations

Applications of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) Coupled to Atomic Force Microscopy with Sub-Micrometer Spatial Resolution to the Development and Discovery of Electrocatalysts

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