Combined treatment of isoflavone supplementation and exercise restores the changes in hepatic protein expression in ovariectomized rats - a proteomics approach

Abstract

BackgroundPostmenopausal women experience adverse physiological changes caused by estrogen deprivation. Here, we hypothesized that the administration of isoflavone, a phytoestrogn, and/or physical exercise could reverse changes in the levels of hepatic enzymes disturbed by loss of estrogen to ameliorate postmenopause-related health problems.MethodsThirty-week-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: a sham-operated (SHAM) group, ovariectomized groups on a regular diet with exercise (EXE) and without exercise (OVX), and ovariectomized groups on an isoflavone supplemented diet with (ISO + EXE) and without exercise (ISO). Proteomic tools were employed to identify candidate hepatic proteins that were differentially expressed among the five animal groups.ResultsINMT was detected in the SHAM but not in all of the ovariectomized rats. Seven proteins (PPIA, AKR1C3, ALDH2, PSME2, BUCS1, OTC, and GAMT) were identified to have differential expression among the groups. When compared to the SHAM group, the ovariectomy elevated the levels of PPIA, BUCS1, PSME2, AKR1C3, and GAMT while decreasing ALDH2 and OTC. Among these OVX-induced changes, OVX-increased BUCS1 and GAMT levels were noticeably decreased by ISO or EXE and further greatly down-regulated by ISO + EXE. In the case of PSME2, ISO and EXE further increased OVX-upregulated expression levels but ISO + EXE greatly reduced OVX-increased levels. On the other hand OVX-lowered OTC levels were elevated by ISO, EXE, or ISO + EXE. The protein levels of ALDH2, PPIA, and AKR1C3 were not significantly reverted by ISO, EXE or ISO + EXE.ConclusionThe combination of an isoflavone diet and exercise partly reversed ovariectomy-induced changes in hepatic protein expression levels. Our data suggest that the combinatory regimen of isoflavone supplementation and exercise may be beneficial to menopausal women through modulating hepatic protein expression profiles.

Effect of combined endurance-resistance training and soy extract supplementation on expression of eNOS gene in ovariectomized rats

“…In regard to human-based research, there is evidence that soybean-based polyphenol supplementation can benefit lipid oxidation and subsequently endurance exercise performance [ 36 , 37 ] and, further, benefit CVD risk factors in menopausal women through modulating hepatic protein expression profiles [ 26 ]. Exercise, of course, is well known to improve cardiovascular disease risk in humans and rodent models.…”

“…Recent research indicates that a combinatory regimen of isoflavone supplementation and exercise may be beneficial to menopausal women through modulating the hepatic protein expression profile [ 26 ]. This study also indicated that the combination of an isoflavone diet and exercise was more effective in reversing changes in ovariectomy-induced hepatic protein expression than either intervention alone.…”

Genistein and exercise modulated lipid peroxidation and improved steatohepatitis in ovariectomized rats

“…Interestingly, combining genistein and exercise did not provide an additional benefit on NAFLD compared with either treatment alone. Although there were no other studies that directly evaluated the effects of these treatment on NAFLD, a proteomics study using ovariectomized rats indicated that isoflavone and exercise combination therapy could favorably modulate hepatic protein expression toward normal values than either treatment alone [36]. Given that either treatment alone was so efficacious that it almost normalized histological and biochemical changes, we hypothesized that a small added benefit from combined treatment might not be apparent in this experimental study.…”

Proteomics‐Based Identification of the Molecular Signatures of Liver Tissues from Aged Rats following Eight Weeks of Medium‐Intensity Exercise

“…2D gel tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods are valuable tools for quantifying differences in protein abundance between different physical conditions or treatments [14]. Current proteomic methods allow the identification of several thousand proteins from microgram quantities of proteins in skeletal muscle, cardiomyocytes [15], adipose tissue [16], and liver [7, 17, 18]. In addition, proteomics analysis has previously been performed by several groups to determine how liver proteome profiles differ between exercise-trained and untrained individuals [18], which might provide information that could be of benefit in combating the effects of postmenopause or of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related loss of liver function including metabolic syndrome by promoting redox homeostasis.…”

“…Current proteomic methods allow the identification of several thousand proteins from microgram quantities of proteins in skeletal muscle, cardiomyocytes [15], adipose tissue [16], and liver [7, 17, 18]. In addition, proteomics analysis has previously been performed by several groups to determine how liver proteome profiles differ between exercise-trained and untrained individuals [18], which might provide information that could be of benefit in combating the effects of postmenopause or of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related loss of liver function including metabolic syndrome by promoting redox homeostasis. However, insight into the adaptive response of liver tissue proteome signatures during aging under a variety of regular exercise challenges is still required [19].…”