No abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the capacity and the variability of maximum force rules measured 1 RM for eight muscle groups (back-hip extensors, legs extensors, arm extensors, back extensors, shoulder and arms extensors, shoulder joint flexors, hip and knee extensors, trunk flexors). The determination was performed on the experimental results of the top basketball center player using repeated measurements and nonlinear mathematical models methods. Changes in maximum force were induced with 8 months of weight lifting training and analised with nonlinear regression analysis within 95% confidence interval. The results indicate that from all the models applied only the Asymptotic Regression, Michaelis-Menten and Gompertz Growth models had satisfactory performance and provided solid solutions to the given problem. This means that the models developed in this study properly and reliably determine the capacity and predicted changes in the maximum force (1 RM) for all eight monitored muscle groups.

Abstract. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of soccer-specific training on physical fitness components in adolescent elite soccer players and make comparisons with older counterparts. Twenty two male soccer players from the Serbian First Division team were allocated to two assigned trials according to age -young group (YG) and mature group (MG). Players in their teenage years (19 years and younger) were assigned to YG (10 subjects) and others to MG (12 subjects). Between the first and second test session, all subjects followed six weeks of soccer-specific periodized training programme. There were no differences between groups at pre-and post-training trial for body mass, vertical jump height, average anaerobic power and VO 2max (P>0.05). Body fat was significantly lower in YG before and after training program as compared to MG (P<0.05). Body mass and fat dropped significantly in both groups after training program (P<0.05). Furthermore, average anaerobic power and VO 2max along with vertical jump height, were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05) at posttraining performance. Finally, the magnitude of change in VO 2max was significanty superior in MG as compared to YG after training program (18.3 vs. 7.8%; P<0.05). The findings of the present study indicate that the trainability indices are not highly influenced by age in top-level soccer players.(Biol.Sport 26:379-387, 2009)

No abstract

The main aim of this investigation was to evaluate the changes in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and aerobic and anaerobic performance induced by supplementation of coffeeberry (CB) formulation for 4 weeks in college athletes. Twenty college athletes (14 males and 6 females) were allocated to two randomly assigned trials. Subjects in the CB group orally ingested capsules that contained CB formulation at a dose of 800 mg per day in two equal doses for 28 days, while subjects in the placebo (P) group ingested an equal number of identical-looking caps that contained cellulose. There were no changes in glucose, cholesterol, and lipoproteins within or between trials (p > 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was significantly higher in the CB versus P trial at the post- supplementation trial (1.66 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.51 +/- 0.05 mmol/L; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in average anaerobic power, index of anaerobic fatigue, maximal heart rate, blood lactate, and maximal oxygen uptake within or between trials (p > 0.05). Heart rate recovery (HRR) index increased significantly in CB group as compared with baseline level (38 +/- 4 vs. 32 +/- 5 beats/min; p < 0.05). Blood lactate after 10 min of recovery (Lact(rec)) significantly decreased in the CB group after supplementation protocol as compared with initial results (7.6 +/- 4.2 vs. 5.5 +/- 2.6 mmol/L; p < 0.05). No subject reported any side effects from CB or P. The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with a CB formulation slightly increased antioxidant capacity, but there were minimal effects on recovery parameters after exercise in college athletes.