This work aims to study the removal of new fuchsin dye
(NFD) using
azithromycin (Az) by a spectrophotometric technique at two different
wavelengths (547 and 286 nm), which formed the blend [Az+NFD]. Afterward,
the [Az]TF, [NFD]TF, and nanoblend [Az+NFD]NB thin films were fabricated using the spin-coating technique.
The models of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to examine
the experimental data of adsorption equilibrium and activation parameters.
At 547 and 286 nm, the sorption capacity (q
m) was determined to be 0.0095 and 0.01 mg g–1,
correspondingly. The kinetic data showed that the reaction was fitted
with a first-order reaction and the maximum adsorption capacity of
Az at 547 nm was 0.0198 mg g–1 at 313 and 323 K,
whereas at 286 nm, it was 0.0071 mg g–1 at 303 K.
The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) were calculated,
and the experimental results showing negative values of ΔH° at 547 and 286 nm (−33.67 and −11.22
kJ mol–1, respectively) indicate the adsorption
of NFD using Az is an exothermic reaction. The negative values of
ΔG° at 547 and 286 nm (−19.67 and
−13.01 kJ mol–1, respectively) indicate a
spontaneous reaction. The calculated time-dependent density functional
theory (TD-DFT) spectra matched the measured IR spectra precisely
and corroborated the molecular structure of the tested materials.
The experimental values and TD-DFT/CASTEP predictions for these properties
are in great agreement. The optical (TD-DFT/CASTEP) characteristics
of the [Az]Iso, [NFD]Iso, and [Az+NFD]NB gaseous phases are in close agreement with the experimental results.
The greatest absorption bands for [Az]TF, [NFD]TF, and [Az+NFD]NB correspond to the π → π*
electronic transition at 268, 547, and 625 nm, respectively, and the
Gaussian program corresponds well with the experimental analysis for
synthetic IR and molecular electrostatic potential. Optical illumination
studies suggest that the nanoblend device films investigated may be
employed in solar cell applications. The quantity of dye removed by
Az decreases with an increase in the contact time and optimum adsorption
was achieved in 4 min at 547 nm, whereas it increases with time at
286 nm and an optimum adsorption capacity was achieved in 6 min. The
isolated molecule of [Az+NFD]Iso has a band gap of 2.415
eV, as determined by TD-DFT/DMol3. Thin films of thickness
100 ± 3 nm of [Az]TF, [NFD]TF, and [Az+NFD]NB via a spin-coating technique at room temperature were fabricated.