Combining ability and heterosis as influenced by male-sterility inducing cytoplasms in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

Reddy, B V S; Ramesh, S.; Reddy, P. S.; Ramaiah, B

doi:10.1007/s10681-006-9281-6

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since these male sterile lines were recently introduced into Africa from different climatic conditions, some could be poorly suited for the new agroecologies. The temperature at the three locations ranged between 18 and 29.3°C which is within the optimum range for most sorghum cultivars (Reddy et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The best cross combinations that showed significant and positive SCA effects for productive tillers per plant were ATX623×Macia, ICSA88001×ICSR 93034 and ICSA90001×ICSR162. Productive tillers in sorghum parents are desirable as they provide pollen for longer time as compared to non-tillering ones and do add to grain yield of a particular parent as supported by Reddy et al (2007) and Singh et al (1997). Considering the plant height, the best crosses that expressed significant negative (desired) SCA effect comprised of ICSA376×IESV23O13DL (-43.90), ICSA6×ICSR93034 (-43.25), ICSA276 × IESV91104DL (-31.26), MA6×S35 (-28.35) and MA6×Makueni local (-23.73).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Knowledge of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) is vital to start a hybrid program. The GCA assesses the average performance of an inbred line in hybrid combinations, while SCA identifies the crosses in which its combinations perform relatively better or worse than would be expected on the basis of GCA of the parents (Reddy et al, 2007). Theobjective of this study was to identify the best hybrids and their parents through estimation of GCA and SCA for yield and yield components of a comprehensive set of introduced inbred lines for sub-humid and dry low-lands of East Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining ability of some sorghum lines for dry lands and sub-humid environments of East Africa

Ringo¹,

Beatrice²,

Mgonja³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a major food crop grown in dry lands and sub-humid areas ofEast Africa. A study was conducted between 2010 to 2012 in dry lands (Miwaleni, Kiboko) and subhumid (Ukiriguru) environments to identify parents for hybrid production. It involved 121 lines from ICRISAT and 121 hybrids developed from 36 male sterile lines and 42 restorer lines in a line × tester crossing. Experiments were planted in an alpha lattice design with three replications. Analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences between parents and between crosses for yield and yield components, indicative of potentiality for exploitation. Line IESV23010 expressed best (-6.5) general combing ability (GCA) for days to 50% flowering (DAF). Highest general combiner for height was -55.4 expressed in ICSR24007 and for yield was 382.8 expressed in IESV92156DL. The crosses SDSA4×ICSR43 and SDSA4×ICSR59059 exhibited high and significant specific combining ability (SCA) for DAF. Lines IESB2 and ICSB44 were suited to sub-humid, whereas BTX623, ICSB15 and ICSB6 to dry lands environments. Testers IESV91104DL, IESV91131DL, ICSR93034 were well suited to dry lands whereas KARI-MTAMA1 and IESV23019 to sub-humid environments. The parents identified could be used to produce hybrids and varieties for the dry lands and sub-humid environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining ability of some sorghum lines for dry lands and sub-humid environments of East Africa

Ringo¹,

Beatrice²,

Mgonja³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…ICRISAT has also developed a number of varieties targeting the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia (Kumar et al, 2011). Inbred parental lines have been developed for hybrid breeding targeting Asia, which have also been started to be used by breeding programs Africa (Kumar et al, 2011, Reddy et al, 2007.…”

Section: Sorghum Breeding In the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The A1 and A2 CMS systems can be used for seed production to produce commercially acceptable F1 hybrids. In addition, studies have shown that the two systems had no significant difference in agronomic performances (Moran and Rooney, 2003;Reddy et al, 2007). However, the A1 CMS system, which was derived from backcrossing the kafir sorghum type that have recessive fertility restoration nuclear genes in the background of a Milo cytoplasm, has been exclusively used in sorghum hybrid development for more than five decades.…”

Section: Sorghum Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation, heterotic performance and grain yield determinate traits of locally adapted sorghum genotypes in contrasting environments in Ethiopia

Mindaye¹

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The increase superiority in characteristics such as size, growth rate, fertility, yield and general fitness of hybrids produced by crossing genetically diverse inbred parents is well established in many plant and animal species. This phenomenon has been exploited to produce commercial cultivars in a range of crop species including sorghum.In sorghum F1 hybrid seed is produced by crossing genetically distinct restorer (R lines) and cytoplasmic male sterile seed parent (A lines). In the developed world commercial cultivars are almost exclusively F1 hybrids and are increasingly being used in the developing countries. In spite of the yield advantage in some circumstances, however, hybrids developed using introduced parental lines have not been adopted by Ethiopian farmers primarily because of the extra cost of purchasing seed has not been outweighed by the benefits of introduced hybrids in particular the lack of farmer preferred traits such as tall stature and larger grain size. The development of hybrids using locally adapted genotypes could have the potential to overcome the shortcomings of introduced hybrids. However, the complex cytoplasmic male sterility system and prevalence of restorer genes complicate the development of new Additionally, the hybrids derived from these locally adapted genotypes will have the benefit of containing farmers preferred traits. The groups most divergent from the introduced A/B lines were the Ethiopian landraces adapted to highland and intermediate agro-ecologies and a subset of lowland adapted genotypes. These genotype groups were also grouped distinctly from the introduced R lines, and hence provide highly divergent parental lines for hybrid development in Ethiopia.The performance and magnitude of heterosis of 139 F1 hybrids, derived from introduced seed parents crossed with selected locally adapted genotypes and introduced R lines, were evaluated in three contrasting environments. The lowland adapted hybrids displayed a mean better parent heterosis (BPH)iii of 19% and a 29% increase in grain yield, on average, in comparison to the hybrids derived from the introduced R lines. In addition, these hybrids were also found to be superior in plant height and grain weight. The mean BPH for grain yield for the highland adapted hybrids was 16% in the highland and 52 % in the intermediate, in addition to increased grain weight. The magnitude of heterosis between the three hybrid groups reflected the genetic distance between the genotype groups with the A/B lines.These results highlight the potential of locally adapted genotypes for the exploitation of heterosis in Ethiopia.In order to understand the genetic basis of increased hybrid performance, the relationship between yield component traits was assessed and the genetic variance for each subset of hybrid group was partitioned into parental lines and their interaction effects. In the lowland environment, increase in grain number and grain weight contributed to increased yield of the lowland adapted hybrids in comparison to the intro...

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Adaptation and plasticity of yield in hybrid and inbred sorghum

Otwani,

Hunt,

Cruickshank

et al. 2024

Crop Science

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Local adaptation and genotype by environment (G×E) interactions affect the expression of phenotypes in crop species. An investigation on the interplay between adaptation and G×E on sorghum heterosis phenotypes is lacking. To address this question, a set of 112 diverse grain sorghum hybrids and their 22 inbred parents of local and exotic origins, representing the primary female and male heterotic groups, were tested in five contrasting sorghum growing environments across two years in Queensland, Australia. Plant height, days to flowering, seed yield, grain weight, and grain number were measured and used in the estimation of heterosis. Mid parent heterosis for yield ranged from ‐25 to 217% and was highly influenced by grain number. In contrast to observations in maize the magnitude of heterosis for yield was not associated with site mean. Striking differences were observed in heterosis in hybrids from locally developed inbred parents compared with hybrids that were developed from exotic inbred parents developed in other countries. Heterosis in the latter combination was higher on average across all the test environments for the majority of traits. We hypothesise maladaptive phenotypic plasticity in the exotic parents contributed to the observed differences in heterosis estimates. These data confirm that heterosis estimates in sorghum must be obtained and interpreted in relevant genetic and environmental contexts. Breeders in developing countries with low sorghum hybrid seed uptake will find these insights useful when selecting hybrids for broader adaptation, improving efficiency of their breeding programs.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Combining ability and heterosis as influenced by male-sterility inducing cytoplasms in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Combining ability of some sorghum lines for dry lands and sub-humid environments of East Africa

Combining ability of some sorghum lines for dry lands and sub-humid environments of East Africa

Genetic differentiation, heterotic performance and grain yield determinate traits of locally adapted sorghum genotypes in contrasting environments in Ethiopia

Adaptation and plasticity of yield in hybrid and inbred sorghum

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