Combining Ballast Water Exchange and Treatment To Maximize Prevention of Species Introductions to Freshwater Ecosystems

Abstract

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The invasive bighead goby Ponticola kessleri displays large‐scale genetic similarities and small‐scale genetic differentiation in relation to shipping patterns

“…Our data substantiate the relevance of freshwater vessels for the translocation of non-native vertebrate species. With this study, we hope to contribute to the establishment of freshwater ballast water management procedures such as proposed by Briski et al (2015) and also hope to provide decision makers in the freshwater sector with the evidence they need to promote ballast water hygiene measures.…”

The challenges and promises of genetic approaches for ballast water management

“…ballast water 89 record book) (King and Tamburri, 2010;Wright and Welschmeyer, 2015); then, if evidences 90 of non-appropriate management are found, ballast water may be sampled for a first and quick 91 indicative biological analysis, and for a more detailed one if additional support for non-92 compliance is found. The biological methods to assess the compliance must meet certain 93 criteria to be applicable (David and Gollasch, 2015; IMO, 2015); for example, they shall be 94 designed to take into account organismal minimum size, abundance and viability but also to 95 be fast, applicable onboard, and usable by a non-specialist (David and Gollasch, 2015;Wright 96 and Welschmeyer, 2015). Regarding the type of analysis and organisms, the method can be 97 qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative.…”

“…Regarding the type of analysis and organisms, the method can be 97 qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative. For now, the recommended methods for 98 detailed analysis are visual counting including mobility test for zooplankton, counting 99 chamber with epifluorescence microscopy as well as machine counts coupled with viability 100 stains for phytoplankton, and grow of bacterial colonies for indicator microbes (David and 101 Gollasch, 2015). 102…”

Optimizing methods to estimate zooplankton concentration based on generalized patterns of patchiness inside ballast tanks and ballast water discharges

“…Collection of time‐integrated samples from a ship's ballast water discharge line is a relatively new method for ballast water sampling (e.g., Briski, Linley, Adams, & Bailey, 2014; Briski et al., 2015; Cangelosi et al., 2011). While this method requires much more equipment, labor, and technical expertise than historical methods, it is recommended for compliance monitoring as Regulation D‐2 is written as a discharge standard (i.e., the sample should be collected as close to the discharge point as is practicable).…”

“…One disadvantage of pump sampling, however, is that the volume of sample collected may be limited by pump capacity and/ or time available, some pumps may damage organisms during sampling, and some organisms may avoid the currents created in the water during sampling (Sutton et al, 1998). It also may not be possible to collect pump samples from all depths of a ballast tank without prior installation of fixed tubing (e.g., Hernandez et al, 2017), such that only Collection of time-integrated samples from a ship's ballast water discharge line is a relatively new method for ballast water sampling (e.g., Briski, Linley, Adams, & Bailey, 2014;Briski et al, 2015;Cangelosi et al, 2011). While this method requires much more equipment, labor, and technical expertise than historical methods, it is recommended for compliance monitoring as Regulation D-2 is written as a discharge standard (i.e., the sample should be collected as close to the discharge point as is practicable).…”