Abstract-For the last decade, there has been growing interest in the STEAM approach (essentially combining methods and practices in arts, humanities and social sciences into STEM teaching and research) with its potential to deliver better research and education, and to enable us to produce students who can work more effectively in the current and developing market-place. However, despite this interest, there seems to be little quantitative evidence of the true power of STEAM learning, especially describing how it compares and performs with respect to more established approaches. To address this, we present a comparative, quantitative study of two distinct approaches to teaching programming, one based on STEAM (with an open-ended inquiry-driven, inductive approach), the other based on a more traditional, non-STEAM approach (where constrained problems are set and solved deductively). Our key results evidence how students exhibit different styles of programming in different types of lessons and, crucially, that students who tend to exhibit more of the style of programming observed in our STEAM lessons also tend to achieve higher grades. We present our claims through a range of visualisations and statistical validations which clearly show the significance of the results, despite the small scale of the study. We believe that this work provides clear evidence for the advantages of STEAM over non-STEAM, and provides a strong theoretical and technological framework for future, larger studies.Keywords-STEAM; xAPI; coding; education; pedagogy
IntroductionOver the last 10 years, we have developed and delivered a range of degree programmes at our institution that aim to bring an arts inflected pedagogy into the teaching of computer science. We make extensive use of what is considered a STEAM approach to engineering education [1], an approach we describe in detail later in the paper. Over the last decade, we have seen how a range of employers, especially from the creative industries, are keen to employ graduates from our courses. Anecdotally, the graduates demonstrate a more creative and experimental approach to engineering, and are able to adapt quickly to using new technologies in new settings.But anecdotal evidence is not enough. We would like to know the measurable impact, if any, this pedagogical approach actually has on student learning. Do students iJEP -Vol. 7, No. 3, 2017 109Paper-Evidencing the Value of Inquiry Based, Constructionist Learning for Student Coders learn to code in a different way with this approach, compared to more traditional approaches? If they do, does this impact positively upon learning outcomes? In this paper, we set out to investigate these questions, as we find there is a lack of research explicitly comparing how different pedagogical approaches impact on the way students learn programming. Our first step towards addressing this apparent gap in knowledge has been to design and deploy a novel technological platform for teaching programming. The system has been designed to support our teachin...