Combining Locations from Working Memory and Long-Term Memory into a Common Spatial Image

Giudice, Nicholas A.; Klatzky, Roberta L.; Bennett, Christopher R.; Loomis, Jack M.

doi:10.1080/13875868.2012.678522

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A mental representation of the surrounding space, also called a “spatial image", can be produced solely from sensory inputs (vision, audition, and/or touch) (Giudice et al, 2013). Most studies on spatial mental images built through sound were conducted on blind people.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Enriching the Auditory Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Cues Provided by Sound Improve Postural Stabilization: Evidence of a Spatial Auditory Map?

et al. 2017

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It has long been suggested that sound plays a role in the postural control process. Few studies however have explored sound and posture interactions. The present paper focuses on the specific impact of audition on posture, seeking to determine the attributes of sound that may be useful for postural purposes. We investigated the postural sway of young, healthy blindfolded subjects in two experiments involving different static auditory environments. In the first experiment, we compared effect on sway in a simple environment built from three static sound sources in two different rooms: a normal vs. an anechoic room. In the second experiment, the same auditory environment was enriched in various ways, including the ambisonics synthesis of a immersive environment, and subjects stood on two different surfaces: a foam vs. a normal surface. The results of both experiments suggest that the spatial cues provided by sound can be used to improve postural stability. The richer the auditory environment, the better this stabilization. We interpret these results by invoking the “spatial hearing map” theory: listeners build their own mental representation of their surrounding environment, which provides them with spatial landmarks that help them to better stabilize.

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Section: Experiments 2: Enriching the Auditory Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Cues Provided by Sound Improve Postural Stabilization: Evidence of a Spatial Auditory Map?

et al. 2017

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“…The spatial image is a representation of the location and other spatial properties (e.g., orientation) of one or more targets. Furthermore, besides arising from visual, auditory, and haptic input, the spatial image can be instantiated in working memory from long-term memory (Easton & Sholl, 1995; Giudice, Klatzky, Bennett, & Loomis, 2012; Rieser, Garing, & Young, 1994; Wang, 2004) and from linguistic input (Avraamides, Loomis, Klatzky, & Golledge, 2004; Klatzky et al, 2003; Loomis et al, 2002). For a general overview of our theoretical framework and empirical research, see Loomis, Klatzky, and Giudice (in press).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial working memory for locations specified by vision and audition: Testing the amodality hypothesis

Loomis

Klatzky

McHugh

et al. 2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Spatial working memory can maintain representations from vision, hearing, and touch, representations referred to here as spatial images. The present experiment addressed whether spatial images from vision and hearing that are simultaneously present within working memory retain modality-specific tags or are amodal. Observers were presented with short sequences of targets varying in angular direction, with the targets in a given sequence being all auditory, all visual, or a sequential mixture of the two. On two thirds of the trials, one of the locations was repeated, and observers had to respond as quickly as possible when detecting this repetition. Ancillary detection and localization tasks confirmed that the visual and auditory targets were perceptually comparable. Response latencies in the working memory task showed small but reliable costs in performance on trials involving a sequential mixture of auditory and visual targets, as compared with trials of pure vision or pure audition. These deficits were statistically reliable only for trials on which the modalities of the matching location switched from the penultimate to the final target in the sequence, indicating a switching cost. The switching cost for the pair in immediate succession means that the spatial images representing the target locations retain features of the visual or auditory representations from which they were derived. However, there was no reliable evidence of a performance cost for mixed modalities in the matching pair when the second of the two did not immediately follow the first, suggesting that more enduring spatial images in working memory may be amodal.

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“…The present work adds to the growing number of spatial tasks evidencing the involvement of a spatial image (Avraamides & Kelly, 2010;Giudice et al, 2011;Giudice et al, 2013;Kelly et al, 2007;May, 1996;Wang & Brockmole, 2003). In the present extension of previous work, the task involved mental rotation rather than updating during bodily movement (Giudice et al, 2011) and incorporated configurations within a city rather than locations in the immediate surroundings (Avraamides & Kelly, 2010;Giudice et al, 2011;Giudice et al, 2013;Kelly et al, 2007;May, 1996;Wang & Brockmole, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In the present extension of previous work, the task involved mental rotation rather than updating during bodily movement (Giudice et al, 2011) and incorporated configurations within a city rather than locations in the immediate surroundings (Avraamides & Kelly, 2010;Giudice et al, 2011;Giudice et al, 2013;Kelly et al, 2007;May, 1996;Wang & Brockmole, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other findings also support the idea of a spatial image in working memory. Giudice, Klatzky, Bennett, and Loomis (2013) showed that spatial working memory's contents (i.e., locations within a room) only sometimes differ in precision when accessed from perception or from long-term memory, and these representations are easily combined. Visual and haptic perception form equivalent spatial images that can be updated through movement (Giudice, Betty, & Loomis, 2011).…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Not all memories are the same: Situational context influences spatial recall within one’s city of residency

et al. 2015

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Reference frames in spatial memory encoding have been examined intensively in recent years. However, their importance for recall has received considerably less attention. In the present study, passersby used tags to arrange a configuration map of prominent city center landmarks. It has been shown that such configurational knowledge is memorized within a north-up reference frame. However, participants adjusted their maps according to their body orientations. For example, when participants faced south, the maps were likely to face south-up. Participants also constructed maps along their location perspective-that is, the self-target direction. If, for instance, they were east of the represented area, their maps were oriented west-up. If the location perspective and body orientation were in opposite directions (i.e., if participants faced away from the city center), participants relied on location perspective. The results indicate that reference frames in spatial recall depend on the current situation rather than on the organization in long-term memory. These results cannot be explained by activation spread within a view graph, which had been used to explain similar results in the recall of city plazas. However, the results are consistent with forming and transforming a spatial image of nonvisible city locations from the current location. Furthermore, prior research has almost exclusively focused on body-and environment-based reference frames. The strong influence of location perspective in an everyday navigational context indicates that such a reference frame should be considered more often when examining human spatial cognition.

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Combining Locations from Working Memory and Long-Term Memory into a Common Spatial Image

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Spatial Cues Provided by Sound Improve Postural Stabilization: Evidence of a Spatial Auditory Map?

Spatial Cues Provided by Sound Improve Postural Stabilization: Evidence of a Spatial Auditory Map?

Spatial working memory for locations specified by vision and audition: Testing the amodality hypothesis

Not all memories are the same: Situational context influences spatial recall within one’s city of residency

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