Combining phytate treatment and nanocellulose stabilization for mitigating iron gall ink damage in historic papers

Völkel, Laura; Prohaska, Thomas; Potthast, Antje

doi:10.1186/s40494-020-00428-6

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The application of CNF in combination with phytate or other deacidifying agents displayed great conservation potential to stabilize severely damaged manuscripts. [191] A blend of inorganic halloysite nanotubes and cellulose nanocrystals was applied to a historical paper dated 1943. The transparent consolidation layer demonstrated also UV-protection properties.…”

Section: Nanocellulose In Paper Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Völker et al demonstrated the feasibility of successfully applying a CNF conservation treatment to paper with parts written by iron gall ink. The application of CNF in combination with phytate or other deacidifying agents displayed great conservation potential to stabilize severely damaged manuscripts [191] . A blend of inorganic halloysite nanotubes and cellulose nanocrystals was applied to a historical paper dated 1943.…”

Section: Nanocellulose In Paper Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocellulose for Paper and Textile Coating: The Importance of Surface Chemistry

2022

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Nanocellulose has received enormous scientific interest for its abundance, easy manufacturing, biodegradability, and low cost. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are ideal candidates to replace plastic coating in the textile and paper industry. Thanks to their capacity to form an interconnected network kept together by hydrogen bonds, nanocelluloses perform an unprecedented strengthening action towards cellulose‐ and other fiber‐based materials. Furthermore, nanocellulose use implies greener application procedures, such as deposition from water. The surface chemistry of nanocellulose plays a pivotal role in influencing the performance of the coating: tailored surface functionalization can introduce several properties, such as gas or grease barrier, hydrophobicity, antibacterial and anti‐UV behavior. This review summarizes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose for paper and textile coating, evidencing critical aspects of coating performances related to deposition technique, nanocellulose morphology, and surface functionalization. Furthermore, beyond focusing on the aspects strictly related to large‐scale coating applications for paper and textile industries, this review includes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose coating for the safeguarding of Cultural Heritage, an extremely noble and interesting emerging application of nanocellulose, focusing on consolidation of historical paper and archaeological textile. Finally, nanocellulose use in electronic devices as an electrode modifier is highlighted.

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Section: Nanocellulose In Paper Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanocellulose In Paper Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose for Paper and Textile Coating: The Importance of Surface Chemistry

2022

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“…CNFs have been used as films [44,45] or suspensions [21,46,47] for stabilizing conventional papers and to reinforce and stabilize paintings. [48,49] Adding to the advantage of paper-like aging, strength, and processing properties, their applicability in conservation results primarily from the low-optical impairment of the objects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Fire‐Damage in Historical Papers and Alleviating Damage with Soft Cellulose Nanofibers

Völkel

Beaumont

Johansson

et al. 2022

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The conservation of historical paper objects with high cultural value is an important societal task. Papers that have been severely damaged by fire, heat, and extinguishing water, are a particularly challenging case, because of the complexity and severity of damage patterns. In‐depth analysis of fire‐damaged papers, by means of examples from the catastrophic fire in a 17th‐century German library, shows the changes, which proceeded from the margin to the center, to go beyond surface charring and formation of hydrophobic carbon‐rich layers. The charred paper exhibits structural changes in the nano‐ and micro‐range, with increased porosity and water sorption. In less charred areas, cellulose is affected by both chain cleavage and cross‐linking. Based on these results and conclusions with regard to adhesion of auxiliaries, a stabilization method is developed, which coats the damaged paper with a thin layer of cellulose nanofibers. It enables the reliable preservation of the paper and—most importantly—retrieval of the contained historical information: the nanofibers form a flexible, transparent film on the surface and adhere strongly to the damaged matrix, greatly reducing its fragility, giving it stability, and enabling digitization and further handling.

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“…Dilution of CaPhy in ethanol could also be an alternative for documents with water-soluble inks, but the higher the dilution is, the lower the treatment efficacy, manifested by a decreased mechanical resistance in the treated paper [63]. Völkel and colleagues [64] tested the addition of fibrillated nanocellulose into the different steps of the CaPhy treatment and proved its potential as a mechanical stabilizer of iron-gall ink-damaged paper. This addition would eliminate the need for subsequent local mending.…”

Section: The Phytate Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron-gall inks: a review of their degradation mechanisms and conservation treatments

et al. 2022

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Iron-gall inks are an essential element of our written cultural heritage that is at risk of a total loss due to degradation. This degradation leads to the loss of the support, particularly the cellulose-based support. Intending to stabilize it, we have come a long way from the nineteenth-century cellulose nitrate laminations to the relatively recent phytate treatments; nevertheless, less invasive treatments are needed. To pave the way for developing safer and more sustainable treatments, tailored as much as possible to the object, this paper reviews the conservation treatments and the advances that have taken place over the last decade in our understanding of the degradation mechanisms of iron-gall inks, based on a careful selection of references to support a concise microreview. This discussion is based on the currently accepted models based on the Fe3+-gallate and the identification of degradation products for iron-gall inks observed in heritage objects, including manuscripts dating from the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries and drawings from the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries. The degradation promoted by iron-gall inks induces scission of cellulose through acid catalysis and/or redox reactions. The causes of these acid-base and redox reactions are also assessed. Finally, we detail the state-of-the-art conservation treatments used to mitigate iron gall ink deterioration, covering treatments from the late nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, followed by the presentation of current phytate treatments and new postphytate treatments.

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Combining phytate treatment and nanocellulose stabilization for mitigating iron gall ink damage in historic papers

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Nanocellulose for Paper and Textile Coating: The Importance of Surface Chemistry

Nanocellulose for Paper and Textile Coating: The Importance of Surface Chemistry

Assessing Fire‐Damage in Historical Papers and Alleviating Damage with Soft Cellulose Nanofibers

Iron-gall inks: a review of their degradation mechanisms and conservation treatments

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