Combustion and emissions characteristics of a compression-ignition engine using dual ammonia-diesel fuel

Reiter, Aaron J.

doi:10.31274/etd-180810-1339

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This energy is released in form of heat when NH 3 is combusted (e.g., as transportation fuel) [11] or in form of H 2 when NH 3 is used as a single-use hydrogen carrier [6,7,9]. The maximum efficiency as estimated is below 46.9% estimated for the NH 3 synthesis with natural gas at this scale (section 2.2) but within the range estimated for the industrial NH 3 synthesis via steam reforming with natural gas or coal respectively, i.e., 11-66% (Table 1).…”

Section: Numerical Process Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its role in the production of bio-energy feedstock and its potential use in solar-derived H 2 storage [5][6][7] or as a liquid fuel [8,9] augment its criticality and importance in the global economy. NH 3 easily reaches the U.S. Department of Energy 2015 hydrogen storage target for H 2 -based transportation fuels [8,10] or it can be blended into diesel for direct combustion in modified diesel engines releasing mainly H 2 O and N 2 as combustion-products [11]. If these competitive uses and the duty of the agricultural industry to feed a growing global population at reasonable prices are to be realized new and innovative NH 3 synthesis technology will likely be required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Michalsky

Parman

Amanor‐Boadu

et al. 2012

Energy

133

100

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Ammonia is an important input into agriculture and is used widely as base chemical for the chemical industry. It has recently been proposed as a sustainable transportation fuel and convenient one-way hydrogen carrier. Employing typical meteorological data for Palmdale, CA, solar energy is considered here as an inexpensive and renewable energy alternative in the synthesis of NH 3 at ambient pressure and without natural gas. Thermodynamic process analysis shows that a molybdenum-based solar thermochemical NH 3 production cycle, conducted at or below 1500 K, combined with solar thermochemical H 2 production from water may operate at a net-efficiency ranging from 23-30% (lower heating value of NH 3 relative to the total energy input). Net present value optimization indicates ecologically and economically sustainable NH 3 synthesis at above about 160 tons NH 3 per day, dependent primarily on heliostat costs (varied between 90 and 164 dollars/m 2 ), NH 3 yields (ranging from 13.9 mol% to stoichiometric conversion of fixed and reduced nitrogen to NH 3 ), and the NH 3 sales price. Economically feasible production at an optimum plant capacity near 900 tons NH 3 per day is shown at relative conservative technical assumptions and at a reasonable NH 3 sales price of about 534 ± 28 dollars per ton NH 3 .

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Section: Numerical Process Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Michalsky

Parman

Amanor‐Boadu

et al. 2012

Energy

133

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Special attention needs to be directed at problems associated with diesel injection of ammonia fuel which has a slow combustion flame speed [16]. Details in Appendix 1 show that there are technical solutions to overcoming this and other problems.…”

Section: Diesel Cycle Machinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant preliminary studies [9,15,16] demonstrate the feasibility of the Otto cycle but much more development investment in this technology is required. Appendix I draws attention to the need for modern techniques to be applied in combustion chamber design.…”

Section: Otto Cycle Machinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposed Australian transition to an anhydrous ammonia fuel transport economy to replace liquid petroleum fuels

Boothroyd¹

2014

Energy and Sustainability V

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Synthetically-manufactured ammonia fuel is proposed for distribution throughout Australia when we need to replace future diminishing petroleum resources. In the interim this would be derived from natural gas resources using the Haber Bosch process, leading to a progressive transition to 100% energy resourcing from sustainable electrical energy. Future 'stranded' energy resources are considered in remote rural areas in addition to large-scale fuel manufacture near urban areas. The integration of local transport fuel manufacture with increased rooftop photovoltaic air conditioning is examined for outback areas now suffering from excessive summer temperatures. Minimal effects on the existing electricity grid are expected. It is also proposed to replace the present long-distance commercial road transport trucking industry with a fleet of ammonia-inflated airships.

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“…Dual ammonia-diesel fuel systems for CI engines and ammonia-gasoline fuel systems for SI engines have been studied in the literature extensively [6][7][8][9][10]. These studies use methods such as dual fuel storage systems which inject ammonia in to the combustion chamber at the point of injection or on-board catalytic reforming of hydrogen from ammonia.…”

Section: Abstract: Ammonia When Blended With Hydro Carbon Fuels Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia and gasoline composite liquid fuel blends emulsified with ethanol and methanol for direct displacement in internal combustion engines

Haputhanthri¹,

Austin²,

Maxwell³

et al. 2014

IOSRJMCE

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Combustion and emissions characteristics of a compression-ignition engine using dual ammonia-diesel fuel

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

A proposed Australian transition to an anhydrous ammonia fuel transport economy to replace liquid petroleum fuels

Ammonia and gasoline composite liquid fuel blends emulsified with ethanol and methanol for direct displacement in internal combustion engines

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