Combustion Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Bales

Literature review and hazard identification relating to fire safety in commercial plastic recycling facilities

“…Exposed outdoor storage is more susceptible to external fire risks from wildland fires, protests or fires in adjacent buildings. 40,41 Fuel load and fire load: According to NFPA 557, 'Standard for Determination of Fire Loads for Use in Structural Fire Protection Design', fuel load is defined as the wood equivalent mass of combustible materials in a building, space or area in kilograms, while fire load is the total energy content of combustible materials in a building, space or area in millijoules. 42 Fire load density is the heat energy that could be released per unit floor area of a compartment by the combustion of the contents in the compartment 42 and fuel load density is the term used to quantitatively express the amount of fuel available to burn, in weight per unit floor area.…”

“…Exposed outdoor storage is more susceptible to external fire risks from wildland fires, protests or fires in adjacent buildings. 40,41…”

“…In fact, self-ignition is a prominent fire hazard in most MSW facilities. 12,13,16,40 Proper housekeeping, maintenance of electrical equipment, thorough inspection of material before entering the mass storage yard to identify any hazardous materials all aid in increasing fire safety.…”

Safety at waste and recycling industry: Detection and mitigation of waste fire accidents

“…Likewise, structuring waste bales all along the perimeter of waste sites, though prevents spread of waste to surrounding area under the influence of strong winds and improves external aesthetics of waste sites (see Slotte, (2019b) and Fig. 5g) but in view of fire safety, is not a suitable choice as research shows that low-density-polyethylene (LDPE) wrapped waste bales are highly prone to catch fire (Ibrahim et al 2015). Secondly, in Fig.…”

Waste to Energy: Investigation of Characteristics and Thermal Behaviors of Wastes

“…Numerous studies of characteristics and thermal behaviors have been conducted on various types of waste, for instance, pyrolysis and gasification of corn wastes [5], woody biomass, oat straw, dried citrus waste [6] as well as food waste [7]; co-pyrolysis of raw/terrified wood and coal blends [8]; pyrolysis of paper waste [9], [10]; combustion on wood pellet and sawdust [11] and municipal waste [12], [13]; gasification of rice husk [14], bagasse [15] and municipal solid waste [16]. Nevertheless, due to the wide variation in the nature of different waste sources, the existing data regarding municipal, agricultural and industrial wastes is still very small and fragmented.…”