Combustion Fundamentals

Lewis, F. Michael

doi:10.2175/193864708788806421

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The combustion process, while seemingly simple, involves thousands of elementary physical and chemical reactions, reaction kinetics, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer mechanisms (Burgess et al, 1995 ; Reed, 1978 ). Residence time, turbulence (mixing), and stoichiometry (the relative mixture of waste to fuel, oxygen, and other gas‐phase constituents) within the flame zone all impact the completeness of the combustion process, and consequently, the temperature and destruction efficiency achieved (Lewis, 2008 ; Niessen, 2002 ).…”

Section: Documented Pfas Thermal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the dynamic nature of the incineration process as well as varying characteristics of input waste streams, operational parameters vary over time throughout the reactor (Lewis, 2008 ; Tsang et al, 1998 ). Additionally, the potential exists for flame zone failure modes, with the most notable being thermal quenching by pockets of cold unreacted material and inadequate mixing.…”

Section: Documented Pfas Thermal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Winchell

Ross

Wells

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

113

104

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a recalcitrant group of chemicals and can be found throughout the environment. They often collect in wastewater systems with virtually no degradation prior to environmental discharge. Some PFAS partitions to solids captured in wastewater treatment which require further processing. Of all the commonly applied solids treatment technologies, incineration offers the only possibility to completely destroy PFAS. Little is known about the fate of PFAS through incineration, in particular, for the systems employed in water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). This review covers available research on the fate of PFAS through incineration systems with a focus on sewage sludge incinerators. This research indicates that at least some PFAS destruction will occur with incineration approaches used at WRRFs. Furthermore, PFAS in flue gas, ash, or water streams used for incinerator pollution control may be undetectable. Future research involving full‐scale fate studies will provide insight on the efficacy of PFAS destruction through incineration and whether other compounds of concern are generated. Practitioner points Thermal processing is the only commercial approach available to destroy PFAS. Thermal degradation conditions required for destruction of PFAS during incineration processes are discussed. Fate of PFAS through water resource recovery facility incineration technologies remains unclear. Other thermal technologies such as smoldering combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction provide promise but are in developmental phases.

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