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Costs for disposal of sludges from a municipal wastewater treatment plant normally represent at least 25 % of the total plant operating cost. The most popular ultimate disposal options and rough estimates of the extent of use are as follows:Percent of Amount (dry solids, sludge tons/day) Landfill 25-30 >4000Land application 25-30 >4000Incineration 25-30 >4000Ocean dumping 15 2500 Total >14 500 Sludge handling options considered are shown schematically in Figure 1. Option 1 includes two possible sludge dewatering processes prior to incineration: vacuum filtration to produce a 20% solids cake (Option 1a), or filter press dewatering to produce a 40% solids cake (Option 1b). Option 2 substitutes thermal conditioning of the sludge for the chemical conditioning of Option 1a.

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