Combustion of plastics contained in electric and electronic scrap

Ménad, Nour‐Eddine; Björkman, Bo; Allain, Eric

doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(98)00040-8

Cited by 135 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Considerable variations in thermal decomposition characteristics of individual plastics have been reported by several researchers [3,29]. Some plastic such as PE decomposes mainly by release of volatiles, while for some materials, such as PVC and PU, decomposition is accompanied by production of char.…”

Section: Devolatilization Of Individual Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Reducing Agents in Metallurgical Processes: Devolatilization of Shredder Residue Materials

Lotfian

Ahmed

Samuelsson

2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

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Plastic-containing shredder residue material has the potential to be used as an alternative reducing agent in nonferrous bath smelting processes. This would lead to not only decreased dependency on primary sources such as coal or coke but also to an increase in the efficiency of utilization of secondary sources. This calls for systematic scientific investigations, wherein these secondary sources are compared with primary sources with respect to devolatilization characteristics, combustion characteristics, reactivity, etc. As a first step, in this paper, devolatilization characteristics of plastic-containing shredder residue material (SRM) are compared to those of coal using thermogravimetric analysis. Proximate analysis has shown that SRM mainly decomposes by release of volatiles, while coal shows high fixed carbon content, which is reported to contribute to reduction reactions. To study the reduction potential of the evolved materials, composition of evolved off-gas was continuously monitored using quadrupole mass spectroscopy. The composition of volatiles shows H 2 , CO, and hydrocarbons which are known to have reduction potential. Therefore, it is essential that SRM would be used in a process that could utilize the evolved volatiles for reduction. Furthermore, to understand the potentials of different plastic materials as reducing agents, the devolatilization mechanisms and volatile composition of three common plastics, namely, polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyvinylchloride and their mixtures have been studied. The results show the interaction between the plastics within the binary and ternary mixtures. Similar phenomena may occur during devolatilization of SRM, which contains different type of plastics.

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Section: Devolatilization Of Individual Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Reducing Agents in Metallurgical Processes: Devolatilization of Shredder Residue Materials

Lotfian

Ahmed

Samuelsson

2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…Waste PCBs are particularly difficult to dispose because of the heterogeneous mix of polymer materials, multiple kinds of metals, and glass fiber. Currently, waste PCBs are either incinerated, which can lead to the formation of toxic atmospheric pollution through the release of dioxins and furans [2], or sent to landfill, which can lead to toxic matter such as heavy metal Pb (around 2% in PCBs) leaching into the groundwater. Previous study [3], using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), has shown that Pb concentrations in the extracts of a vast majority of the PCBs are higher than the limit levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of copper and lead from waste printed circuit boards by supercritical water oxidation combined with electrokinetic process

Xiu

Zhang

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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a b s t r a c tAn effective and benign process for copper and lead recovery from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) was developed. In the process, the PCBs was pre-treated in supercritical water, then subjected to electrokinetic (EK) process. Experimental results showed that supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process was strong enough to decompose the organic compounds of PCBs, and XRD spectra indicated that copper and lead were oxidized into CuO, Cu 2 O and ␤-PbO 2 in the process. The optimum SCWO treatment conditions were 60 min, 713 K, 30 MPa, and EK treatment time, constant current density were 11 h, 20 mA cm −2 , respectively. The recovery percentages of copper and lead under optimum SCWO + EK treatment conditions were around 84.2% and 89.4%, respectively. In the optimized EK treatment, 74% of Cu was recovered as a deposit on the cathode with a purity of 97.6%, while Pb was recovered as concentrated solutions in either anode (23.1%) or cathode (66.3%) compartments but little was deposited on the electrodes. It is believed that the process is effective and practical for Cu and Pb recovery from waste electric and electronic equipments.

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“…Similar result was also obtained by Nystroem et al [22], who reported that the mass increased in electrodialytic experiment of harbour sediment with citric acid as the desorbing agent. The dissolvable organic acids in SCWO-treated PCBs were derived from the incomplete decomposition of organic compounds in initial PCBs during SCWO process [6]. Fig.…”

Section: Ek Experiments With Three Different Assisting Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, many techniques, such as solidification/landfill and incineration, not only cannot remove those toxic matters efficiently, but also have many negative impacts to the environment. Heavy metals could be leached into groundwater in landfills and toxic pollutants, including dioxins, could be emitted into the air during incineration [6]. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to develop the benign techniques to treat those toxic organic matters and heavy metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic recovery of Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Zn and Mn from waste printed circuit boards: Effect of assisting agents

Xiu

Zhang

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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a b s t r a c tThe printed circuit boards (PCBs) contains large number of heavy metal such as Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Zn and Mn. In this study, the use of electrokinetic (EK) treatment with different assisting agents has been investigated to recover the heavy metals from waste PCBs, and the effectiveness of different assisting agents (HNO 3 , HCl, citric acid) was evaluated. The PCBs were first pre-treated by supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process, then subjected to EK process. The heavy metal speciation, migration and recovery efficiency in the presence of different assisting agents during EK process were discussed. The mass loss of Cd, Cr, As and Zn during the SCWO process was negligible, but approximately 52% of Ni and 56% of Mn were lost in such a process. Experimental results showed that different assisting agents have significant effect on the behavior and recovery efficiency of different heavy metals. HCl was highly efficient for the recovery of Cd in waste PCBs due to the low pH and the stable complexation of Cl − . Citric acid was highly efficient for the recovery of Cr, Zn and Mn. HNO 3 was low efficient for recovery of most heavy metals except for Ni.

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Combustion of plastics contained in electric and electronic scrap

Cited by 135 publications

References 19 publications

Alternative Reducing Agents in Metallurgical Processes: Devolatilization of Shredder Residue Materials

Alternative Reducing Agents in Metallurgical Processes: Devolatilization of Shredder Residue Materials

Recovery of copper and lead from waste printed circuit boards by supercritical water oxidation combined with electrokinetic process

Electrokinetic recovery of Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Zn and Mn from waste printed circuit boards: Effect of assisting agents

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