Combustion Process of Mg/TF Pyrotechnics

Kubota, Naminosuke; Serizawa, C.

doi:10.1002/prep.19870120502

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…In general, all the Grignard reagents, RMgX, are very reactive, with iodides being the most reactive, and chlorides the least reactive; alkyl Grignards are more reactive than aryl Grignards [29]. The formation of Grignard reagents with fluorine as the halide may have some importance in pyrotechnic applications [27,29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

An ab initio molecular orbital study of the grignard reagents CH3MgCl and [CH3MgCl]2: The Schlenk equilibrium

et al. 1994

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Ab initio molecular orbital calculations are used to study the modified Schlenk equilibrium: 2RMgCI ,-~ (RMgCI) 2 ~ MgR2 + MgCI2 "-' Mg(CI2)MgR2 with R = H and CH 3. In the absence of any solvents, calculations indicate that the formation of the various possible bridged dimers (RMgC1)2 is substantially exothermic. However, using dimethylether as a model solvent, we show that the formation of the dimer (Me20)(CH3)Mg(~CI2)Mg(CH3)(OMe2) is exothermic only when entropic effects are included.

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

An ab initio molecular orbital study of the grignard reagents CH3MgCl and [CH3MgCl]2: The Schlenk equilibrium

et al. 1994

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“…Several models have been developed to describe the burn rate of metal/fluorocarbon pyrolants [37,46,49].…”

Section: Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kubotas model is based on the assumption that the heat transfer from the gas phase back to the burning surface, _ q g;s (W mm À2 ), determines the burn rate of the pyrolant [49]. Thus:…”

Section: Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Halocarbon Pyrolant Combustion

Koch

2010

Handbook of Combustion

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Energetic materials are characterized by their ability to undergo a spontaneous highly exothermic reaction. They can be classified into high explosives (HEs), propellants, and pyrolants. High explosives upon initiation yield a detonation -that is a supersonic shock wave sustained by a chemical reaction. Propellants and pyrolants on the contrary undergo a thermally propagated reaction and yield either large amount of gaseous species, or in the case of pyrolants yield mainly condensed products. Unlike most high explosives, which are homogeneous organic compounds containing nitro-and nitramine groups, pyrolants and most propellants are heterogeneous fuel/oxidizer mixtures [1,2].The term pyrolant describes hot burning compositions that are constituted from micrometric or nanometric metal powders and crystalline and/or polymeric oxidizers.Typical pyrolants are used as illuminant (Mg/NaNO 3 ), thermite (Al/Bi 2 O 3 ), and igniter (Zr/BaCrO 4 ) compositions [3], in addition coruscative combinations such as, for example, Zn/S or Mg/P [4, 5] find use as both amateur propellants (sic) and incendiaries [6].An important group of pyrolants consists of combinations of metal powders with halocarbon compounds. The large energy content of metal-halocarbon pyrolants stems from the high enthalpy of formation of the corresponding metal-halogen bond (MÀX). Thus, chlorocarbon and especially fluorocarbon compounds are used as oxidizers. Table 15.1 lists the gravimetric and volumetric enthalpy of combustion, adiabatic flame temperature, and ignition temperature for selected energetic materials taken from the groups of high explosives, propellants, and pyrolants.Mg/Teflon/Viton (MTV) (Teflon is the proprietary brand name of DuPont Company for polytetrafluoroethylene) [7] and Zn/ZnO/hexachloroethane (HC) [8] are typical metal-halocarbon pyrolants and are used as infrared decoy flare compositions (MTV) and obscurant smoke formulations (HC). In addition metal-halocarbon

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“…-(CF 2 -CF 2 ) n -+ 4n M → ↓2n C + 4n MF Such mixtures are highly energetic heterogeneous materials (used e.g., in infrared flares, as igniters for solid fuel rocket engines and in other pyrotechnics) in which the thermolysis rate is strongly dependent on the reactant particle size and the concentration of reducing agent in the mixture [5][6][7]. The reaction is usually initiated by thermal decomposition of halogenohydrocarbon with evolution of volatile halogen compounds which react vigorously with a reductant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on spontaneous formation of 1D nanocrystals of silicon carbide

Huczko¹,

Lange

Bystrzejewski

et al. 2005

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Novel nanostructures have been formed spontaneously during the thermolysis of mixtures containing halogenohydrocarbons and Si-related compounds as a reducing agent in a calorimetric bomb. Elemental analysis, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), EELS (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy), EDX (Energy Disspersive X-ray spectroscopy), IR (InfraRed spectroscopy), Raman spectroscopy, HR SEM (High Resolution Scanning Electron Spectroscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Spectroscopy) were used to determine the chemical composition and structural features of the products. They contain well-crystallized elongated 1D single crystals of SiC nanofibres, coated with a thin SiO 2 amorphous layer, and crystallized carbon nanoparticles.

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Combustion Process of Mg/TF Pyrotechnics

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

An ab initio molecular orbital study of the grignard reagents CH3MgCl and [CH3MgCl]2: The Schlenk equilibrium

An ab initio molecular orbital study of the grignard reagents CH3MgCl and [CH3MgCl]2: The Schlenk equilibrium

Metal–Halocarbon Pyrolant Combustion

Studies on spontaneous formation of 1D nanocrystals of silicon carbide

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