Commensal bacteria as a novel delivery system for subunit vaccines directed against agents of bioterrorism

Wilson, Rebecca L.; Hruby, Dennis E.

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2005.01.015

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Alternatives to the live virus approach to smallpox vaccine development include the use of subunit DNA [38][39][40], peptide [25], or protein vaccines [41,42] and bacterial vectors [43]. These alternatives are in the early stages of development and significant developmental, clinical and regulatory hurdles are likely to be encountered prior to approval for wide-spread clinical use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses to the smallpox vaccine given in combination with ST-246, a small-molecule inhibitor of poxvirus dissemination

Grosenbach

Jordan

King

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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SummaryThe re-emerging threat of smallpox and the emerging threat of monkeypox highlight the need for effective poxvirus countermeasures. Currently approved smallpox vaccines have unacceptable safety profiles and, consequently, the general populace is no longer vaccinated, leading to an increasingly susceptible population. ST-246, a small-molecule inhibitor of poxvirus dissemination, has been demonstrated in various animal models to be safe and effective in preventing poxviral disease. This suggests that it may also be used to improve the safety of the traditional smallpox vaccine provided that it does not inhibit vaccine-induced protective immunity. In this study, we compared the immune responses elicited by the smallpox vaccine alone or in combination with ST-246 in mice. Normal lesion formation following dermal scarification with the attenuated New York City Board of Health strain (Dryvax), commonly referred to as a vaccine "take", was not inhibited although severe lesions and systemic disease due to vaccination with the virulent Western Reserve (VV-WR) strain were prevented. The vaccine given with ST-246 did not affect cellular immune responses or neutralizing antibody titers although anti-vaccinia ELISA titers were slightly reduced. Vaccination in combination with ST-246 provided equivalent short-and long-term protection against lethal intranasal challenge with VV-WR when compared to vaccine alone. These results suggest that ST-246 does not compromise protective immunity elicited by the vaccine and provide the basis for future studies examining the efficacy of ST-246 in preventing or treating adverse events due to vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses to the smallpox vaccine given in combination with ST-246, a small-molecule inhibitor of poxvirus dissemination

Grosenbach

Jordan

King

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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“…However, we note that the strategies discussed here are not limited to enteric pathogens per se. These approaches can also be applied to non-pathogenic bacteria engineered as carrier vaccines; we refer the reader to other excellent reviews for a more in-depth examination of engineered non-pathogenic carrier vaccines [ 126 , 127 ]. Regardless of the type of carrier vaccine used, we look forward, with great optimism, to future results from well-designed clinical trials testing optimized carrier vaccines that incorporate the latest in genetic stabilization and gene expression technologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Enhancement of Live-Attenuated Salmonella-Based Carrier Vaccine Immunogenicity

2021

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: The use of live-attenuated bacterial vaccines as carriers for the mucosal delivery of foreign antigens to stimulate the mucosal immune system was first proposed over three decades ago. This novel strategy aimed to induce immunity against at least two distinct pathogens using a single bivalent carrier vaccine. It was first tested using a live-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain in clinical trials in 1984, with excellent humoral immune responses against the carrier strain but only modest responses elicited against the foreign antigen. Since then, clinical trials with additional Salmonella-based carrier vaccines have been conducted. As with the original trial, only modest foreign antigen-specific immunity was achieved in most cases, despite the incorporation of incremental improvements in antigen expression technologies and carrier design over the years. In this review, we will attempt to deconstruct carrier vaccine immunogenicity in humans by examining the basis of bacterial immunity in the human gastrointestinal tract and how the gut detects and responds to pathogens versus benign commensal organisms. Carrier vaccine design will then be explored to determine the feasibility of retaining as many characteristics of a pathogen as possible to elicit robust carrier and foreign antigen-specific immunity, while avoiding over-stimulation of unacceptably reactogenic inflammatory responses.

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“…Attenuated Salmonella can cross the intestinal wall and deliver expressed antigen through activation pathway of innate immunity to the intestinal immune tissues. Another vector strain has employed commensal bacteria for presentation of foreign antigens, since the strains are naturally colonized without inducing clinical signs and are able to persist for years in body compartments [59].…”

Section: Live Bacteria As Carriermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of vaccine development and research for industry animals in Korea

Lee

Park

et al. 2012

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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Vaccination has proven to be the most cost-effective strategy for controlling a wide variety of infectious diseases in humans and animals. For the last decade, veterinary vaccines have been substantially developed and demonstrated their effectiveness against many diseases. Nevertheless, new vaccines are greatly demanded to effectively control newly- and re-emerging pathogens in livestock. However, development of veterinary vaccines is a challenging task, in part, due to a variety of pathogens, hosts, and the uniqueness of host-susceptibility to each pathogen. Therefore, novel concepts of vaccines should be explored to overcome the limitation of conventional vaccines. There have been greatly advanced in the completion of genomic sequencing of pathogens, the application of comparative genomic and transcriptome analysis. This would facilitate to open opportunities up to investigate a new generation of vaccines; recombinant subunit vaccine, virus-like particle, DNA vaccine, and vector-vehicle vaccine. Currently, such types of vaccines are being actively explored against various livestock diseases, affording numerous advantages over conventional vaccines, including ease of production, immunogenicity, safety, and multivalency in a single shot. In this articles, the authors present the current status of the development of veterinary vaccines at large as well as research activities conducted in Korea.

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Commensal bacteria as a novel delivery system for subunit vaccines directed against agents of bioterrorism

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Immune responses to the smallpox vaccine given in combination with ST-246, a small-molecule inhibitor of poxvirus dissemination

Immune responses to the smallpox vaccine given in combination with ST-246, a small-molecule inhibitor of poxvirus dissemination

Strategies for Enhancement of Live-Attenuated Salmonella-Based Carrier Vaccine Immunogenicity

A review of vaccine development and research for industry animals in Korea

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