Charges and fields in a straight, infinite, cylindrical wire carrying a steady current are determined in the rest frames of ions and electrons, starting from the standard assumption that the net charge per unit length is zero in the lattice frame and taking into account a self-induced pinch effect. The analysis presented illustrates the mutual consistency of classical electromagnetism and Special Relativity. Some consequences of the assumption that the net charge per unit length is zero in the electrons frame are also briefly discussed.
IntroductionAs is well known, combining Coulomb's law, charge invariance and the transformation law of a pure relativistic three-force [1,2], one can derive the correct equation for the force with which a point charge in uniform motion acts on any other point charge in arbitrary motion, and thus recognize both the E E E and B B B fields of a uniformly moving point charge and the corresponding Lorentz force expression [3][4][5]. Thus one can prove indirectly, without introducing general transformations for E E E and B B B, that the Lorentz force expression, f f f L ≡ qE E E + qu u u ×B B B, transforms in the same way as the time derivative of the relativistic momentum of a particle with time independent mass, in the special case of E E E and B B B due to a uniformly moving point charge. Following the same line of reasoning, the so-called relativistic nature of the magnetic field is often illustrated by discussing the force on a charged particle outside a current-carrying wire, or the force between two parallel current-carrying wires [5][6][7][8]. (Note that in the latter case, contrary to the widespread opinion,