Commentary: Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

DePietro, Michael; Salzberg, Marc

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.815168

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As noted, numerous studies highlighted the value of high serum SP-D levels upon development of severe COVID-19 disease ( 1 , 2 ). As correctly pointed out, deficient pulmonary SP-D levels have been reported in severe COVID-19 and have been associated with increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome ( 1 , 3 , 4 ) and were also found in several chronic pulmonary diseases ( 5 ). These findings support the idea of using recombinant human pulmonary surfactant protein-D (rhSP-D) for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to reduce COVID-19 disease severity ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…De Pietro and Salzberg ( 1 ) emphasized the role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in their commentary regarding the article “Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses A Commentary on Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses” by Labarrere and Ghassan ( Frontiers Immunology , 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.652252 ). We appreciate their comments about our article being informative and interesting and for making emphasis on the importance of innate immunity and particularly SP-D in the defense against multiple viral pathogens including SARS-CoV-2 ( 1 ). As noted, numerous studies highlighted the value of high serum SP-D levels upon development of severe COVID-19 disease ( 1 , 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We appreciate their comments about our article being informative and interesting and for making emphasis on the importance of innate immunity and particularly SP-D in the defense against multiple viral pathogens including SARS-CoV-2 ( 1 ). As noted, numerous studies highlighted the value of high serum SP-D levels upon development of severe COVID-19 disease ( 1 , 2 ). As correctly pointed out, deficient pulmonary SP-D levels have been reported in severe COVID-19 and have been associated with increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome ( 1 , 3 , 4 ) and were also found in several chronic pulmonary diseases ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using rhSP-D dodecamers will add greater virus binding affinity, aggregation, and clearance capabilities against SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The use of SP-D molecules for the treatment of viral and other microbial diseases, as well as chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and the SP-D deficiency in premature neonates requiring mechanical ventilation to reduce the risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia is very promising ( 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response: Commentary: Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

Labarrere

Kassab

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response: Commentary: Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

Labarrere

Kassab

2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…Premature babies are more likely to develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia if they lack surfactant [57]. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) deficiency has been connected to the increase of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm newborns who need mechanical breathing [58]. Surfactant insufficiency is responsible for the etiology of BPD.…”

Section: Surfactant Insufficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Narrative Review by Etiology

Yusuf¹,

Chen²

2022

OJPed

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Background: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung condition that primarily affects preterm infants. Genetic predispositions, environmental factors, prenatal, and postnatal risk factors have been associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding these factors. Purpose: To examine the available information on pathogenesis and summarize the points of agreement to generate concise information that can guide patient management and spur further research. Method: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were used to search for studies that analyzed the risk factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia between 2006 and 2022 with the key search terms "bronchopulmonary dysplasia, etiology, preterm birth, mechanical ventilation". Results: This study found that the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is multifactorial, involving close interactions among these major etiological factors and other minor risk factors. A combination of mechanical ventilation, intrauterine factors, inflammation, genetic predispositions, insufficient surfactants, docosahexaenoic acid, and nutrition, among other minor risk factors, was all required in one way or another to influence BPD development. Therefore, studies should continuously update and incorporate the emerging information to assist frontline healthcare workers and generate qualitative data for clinical trial design and further research. Conclusion: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia is different from other respiratory illnesses, and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary is multifactorial.

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Unraveling the enigma: The emerging significance of pulmonary surfactant proteins in predicting, diagnosing, and managing COVID‐19

Bastani,

Jalilian

2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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BackgroundSevere cases of COVID‐19 often lead to the development of acute respiratory syndrome, a critical condition believed to be caused by the harmful effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on type II alveolar cells. These cells play a crucial role in producing pulmonary surfactants, which are essential for proper lung function. Specifically focusing on surfactant proteins, including Surfactant protein A (SP‐A), Surfactant protein B, Surfactant protein C, and Surfactant protein D (SP‐D), changes in the levels of pulmonary surfactants may be a significant factor in the pathological changes seen in COVID‐19 infection.ObjectiveThis study aims to gain insights into surfactants, particularly their impacts and changes during COVID‐19 infection, through a comprehensive review of current literature. The study focuses on the function of surfactants as prognostic markers, diagnostic factors, and essential components in the management and treatment of COVID‐19.FindingIn general, pulmonary surfactants serve to reduce the surface tension at the gas–liquid interface, thereby significantly contributing to the regulation of respiratory mechanics. Additionally, these surfactants play a crucial role in the innate immune system within the pulmonary microenvironment. Within the spectrum of COVID‐19 infections, a compelling association is observed, characterized by elevated levels of SP‐D and SP‐A across a range of manifestations from mild to severe pneumonia. The sudden decline in respiratory function observed in COVID‐19 patients may be attributed to the decreased synthesis of surfactants by type II alveolar cells.ConclusionCollectin proteins such as SP‐A and SP‐D show promise as biomarkers, offering potential avenues for predicting and monitoring pulmonary alveolar injury in the context of COVID‐19. This clarification enhances our understanding of the molecular complexities contributing to respiratory complications in severe COVID‐19 cases, providing a foundation for targeted therapeutic approaches using surfactants and refined clinical management strategies.

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Commentary: Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Response: Commentary: Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

Response: Commentary: Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

Research Progress in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Narrative Review by Etiology

Unraveling the enigma: The emerging significance of pulmonary surfactant proteins in predicting, diagnosing, and managing COVID‐19

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