Comments on proper type designation for names of taxa validated by Turczaninow in his Animadversiones, with case studies

Abstract

General recommendations regarding proper type designation of names of taxa described by Turczaninow in his Animadversiones series of articles (as well as in some other publications) are provided. It is concluded that, as clearly indicated in the protologues, all (or almost all) taxa described in these publications are based on specimens from the private herbarium of Turczaninow which was donated in the 1840s to the Kharkiv University (CWU) and in the 1940s was transferred to the Institute of Botany in Kyiv (KW). Consequently, holotypes and syntypes of these taxa are now almost exclusively in KW. Several cases of correct and incorrect type designations are discussed, specifically of some South American Brassicaceae, Geraniaceae and Hypericaceae, Central American Malvaceae, and southern African Polygalaceae. Information on the rediscovered holotype (KW) of Abelmoschus achanioides Turcz. (now accepted as Malvaviscus achanioides (Turcz.) Fryxell, Malvaceae) is provided, and an earlier lectotypification of that name with a specimen from G is considered ineffective. The holotype of Stenocalyx involutus Turcz. (now considered a synonym of Mezia includens (Benth.) Cuatrec., Malpighiaceae) was originally in the Turczaninow herbarium, but the whole folder with that specimen is now missing in KW (considered lost or destroyed), and it was already missing in the mid-1920s, when the collection was still in CWU. Because of that the lectotype of S. involutus is designated here, the specimen from MPU, to replace the lost or destroyed holotype. The need for thorough analysis of protologues, available original material, and associated information for correct type designation/indication is emphasized.

Nomenclature of <i>Spyridium parvifolium</i> and <i>S. obcordatum</i> (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae) from southeastern Australia and Tasmania

“…Vindob.'). As Reissek explicitly stated in which herbarium the single specimen he mentioned in the protologue is found (W), we accept this as the holotype of the name (see McNeill 2014, Mosyakin et al 2019.…”

“…and following the recommendations ofMcNeill (2014) andMosyakin et al (2019). Trap hills on the banks of the Tamar; also abundant on the Asbestos Hills, Gunn.-(Fl.…”

A nomenclatural conspectus of Waltheria (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae) in Brazil

“…The context they provided was helpful although we disagree with two of their lectotype designations, which we believe were based on misleading annotations (see below). Likewise, Mosyakin et al (2019) emphasized the importance of consulting Kiev (KW) for Turczaninow types, especially for those species Turczaninow described in the Animadversiones. Information on the itineraries of other early collectors active in Brazil such as Blanchet, Gardner, Glaziou, Malme, Mosén, D'Orbigny, Pohl, Regnell, Riedel, Sellow (olim Sello), and Wied (olim Wied-Neuwied) can be found in Urban (1906).…”

Using RADseq to resolve species boundaries in a morphologically complex group of yellow-flowered shrubs (Geleznowia, Rutaceae)

“…The single specimen lodged at the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (KW 001001059) was used by Turczaninow to write the protologue and is therefore recognised as the holotype (Mosyakin et al 2019). The bottom two fragments on the specimen at the Natural History Museum London (BM 001015536) labelled ‘ J. Drummond 3: 8’ (pencil marked ‘a’) represent isotype material, whereas the top three E. Pritzel 644 fragments (pencil marked ‘b’) do not.…”