“…Upon confirming the base case, a local sensitivity analysis found that HVAC records approximately half of gross building energy demand, primarily commensurate with HVAC energy use in matching climates [13] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] . Fig.…”
“…Upon confirming the base case, a local sensitivity analysis found that HVAC records approximately half of gross building energy demand, primarily commensurate with HVAC energy use in matching climates [13] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] . Fig.…”
“…Kadangi daugiau kaip 75 % ES išmetamo šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų kiekio susidaro gaminant ir naudojant energiją, šis sprendimas neabejotinai paveiks ir pastatų statybos, eksploatavimo ir priežiūros sektorių, kuris tiek Lietuvoje, tiek kitose ES šalyse yra vienas iš pagrindinių, lemiančių ŠESD išsiskyrimą. ES pastatų sektorius atsakingas už 40 % galutinės energijos suvartojimo ir 36 % išmetamo anglies dioksido (Alazazmeh & Asif, 2021).…”
Climate change and its consequences pose an existential threat to Europe and the world, where more than 75% of the European Union’s greenhouse gas emissions come from energy production. For this reason, it is very important to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, as the building sector is one of the biggest energy consumers with an impact on the still untapped potential for energy savings. Although buildings are constructed and certified as energy efficient, their in-use consumption is often significantly higher than expected. Especially significant in energy consumption between design and actual consumption are found in office buildings. The higher energy consumption is due to factors related to the design and operation phases. Researchers often emphasize the management of a building’s engineering systems as one of the key factors influencing a building’s energy consumption. The article analyses the existing office building and evaluates the efficiency of its energy using systems’ management based on long-term monitoring data. After identifying which systems are managed inefficiently, several management strategies have been proposed and evaluated. It was found that with simple management strategies heating energy reduction is about 20% per year.
“…Following the validation, a sensitivity analysis is undertaken to reveal that around 45% of the building energy use goes to the HVAC systems aligned with the values provided by Refs. [ 18 , 19 , 25 , 29 , 30 ].…”
Section: Model Development and Validationmentioning
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