Commercial drug norfloxacin as a novel ligand for the copper‐catalyzed N‐arylation of imidazole with aryl halides

Abstract

Norfloxacin was used as an efficient ligand for the CuBr-catalyzed C-N coupling reaction of imidazole and aryl halides. The protocol presented good functional group compatibility, permitting many aryl halides to react with imidazole to form the desired products in good to excellent yields.

Reduction system “vitamin C/glycerol” promoted copper(II)‐catalyzed N‐arylation

“…Based on the results and reported literatures, [ 27,28 ] the reaction mechanism was proposed (Scheme 4). Initially, the combination of vitamin C/glycerol changed CuO to Cu I L via vitamin C coordinating with CuO, which reacted with ArX to form the intermediate i via oxidative addition.…”

The synthesis ofN‐containing heterocyclic compounds catalyzed by copper/L‐proline

“…[ 7 ] Generally speaking, single copper served as the catalyst is not active, but adding ligand to copper catalyst can enhance the catalytic efficiency. [ 8 ] In view of the significance of the ligand, diverse ones have been developed, such as, 2‐carbomethoxy‐3‐hydroxyquinoxaline‐di‐ N ‐oxide, [ 9 ] β ‐keto ester, [ 10 ] 2‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐1 H ‐benzoimidazole, [ 11 ] norfloxacin, [ 12 ] 2,2′‐biimidazole, [ 13 ] 1,1,1‐tris (hydroxymethyl)ethane, [ 14 ] and so on.…”

A recyclable ciprofloxacin polymer ligand for copper-catalyzed coupling of (hetero)aryl halide aminations

“…In 2019, Xie et al reported that norfloxacin as a ligand can promote the coupling reaction of aryl iodides and imidazole at 120 1C. 7 Therefore, we tested eight commercially available quinolone drugs for copper-catalyzed coupling reactions. The results showed that there was a stronger effect from ciprofloxacin hydrochloride than from that of other quinolone drugs.…”