“…In response, several highly structured, normative product development models have been proposed. These include the well-known Stage-Gate model (Cooper, 1993(Cooper, , 2001, the PACE process (McGrath, 1996), and a number of Stage-Gate variations that have a more technological orientation (Eldrid and Shaprio, 1996;Eldred and McGrath, 1997;Ajamian and Koen, 2002). Although the true benefit, and appropriate design, of such structured technology development processes is still largely unascertained, most large technology-based firms and government R&D laboratories have now established some type of a formal technology review and funding support process (Ozer, 1999;Linton et al, 2002).…”