“…Orofacial clefts (OFCs) such as cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) are among the most common birth defects in humans with prevalence between 1 in 500 and 1 in 2,500 live births (Tessier, 1976; Mossey et al, 2009). Extensive recent studies identified common nucleotide variants associated with orofacial clefts, such as 1p22.1, 2p24.2, 3q29, 8q24.21, 10q25.3, 12q12, 16p13.3, 17q22, 17q23, 19q13, and 20q12 (Birnbaum et al, 2009; Grant et al, 2009; Beaty et al, 2010; Mangold et al, 2009; Wolf et al, 2015; Leslie et al, 2016a,b; Mostowska et al, 2018). However, the role of rare genetic variation in OFCs is still underway.…”