Commonly used triazole fungicides accelerate the metamorphosis of digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Spheciformes)

Simulating immunosuppressive mechanism of Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus coordinately fights Spodoptera frugiperda

“…It is yet unclear how eIFs and Inxs dsRNA increase the duration of the pupal stage. Recently, it has been reported that the use of triazole can effectively alter the timing of metamorphosis of digger wasps ( 44 ). Triazole achieves insecticidal effect mainly by inhibiting enzyme activity in insects, which is quite different from the role of eIFs dsRNA.…”

Bioactivity, Uptake, and Distribution of Prothioconazole Loaded on Fluorescent Double-Hollow Shelled Mesoporous Silica in Soybean Plants

“…Plant diseases caused by fungi threaten global food security and human health. − Prothioconazole (PTC), which is an effective broad-spectrum systemic triazole fungicide, was developed by Bayer and first listed in 2004. − PTC is widely utilized to control leaf spot, powdery mildew, and other fungal diseases on commercial crops such as wheat, soybean, and cereals. ,− However, PTC is very unstable and easily degraded to prothioconazole-desthio (PTC-d) [2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) propan-2-ol] by desulfurization reactions in soil, plant, and animal substrates (Figure ). , Studies have shown that approximately 60% of PTC is converted to PTC-d in soil and that the metabolites are more persistent in soil, with a half-life > 20 d. , Furthermore, it has been indicated that PTC and PTC-d in the human body can cause hepatic oxidative stress, disrupt the estrous cycle, interfere with pregnancy, and inhibit sperm production, resulting in reproductive toxicity.…”