Culture has so many meanings and uses in higher education research that this variety may seem frustrating to a reader who is not familiar with the traditions of cultural studies or qualitative research. The aim of this chapter is to contextualize various perspectives of culture as a social phenomenon and the uses of culture as an intellectual device in higher education research. I shall begin with the discussion of the many meanings of the concept culture, and continue by describing briefly the history of cultural approach in higher education studies in order to locate them in the present context. In the last part of this chapter I shall concentrate on analyzing the state of the art of cultural studies in higher education research.
Culture as a Concept and an Intellectual Device in Higher EducationThe basic difficulty with the concept of culture is the existence of three main connotations and uses of culture in higher education research. The most basic conception is the understanding of universities as cultural institutions (with other cultural institutions such as museums, national archives, and libraries). The second important connotation related to culture can be defined as the cultural variation in the academic world as regards disciplines, institutions, and national traditions of higher education. Thirdly, the study of these cultural phenomena is related to methodological, epistemological, and philosophical discussion on the nature of knowledge.Let us begin with one of the most popular understandings of culture in higher education. As a concept, culture is easily attached to images of higher education establishments as cultural institutions responsible for transmitting traditions, and cultural and social values to younger generations. It refers to universities as the carriers of intellectual, academic, and national traditions. In this sense, higher education institutions are seen as cultural institutions responsible for the socializing