Communities in the Global Economy: Where Social and Indigenous Entrepreneurship Meet

Entrepreneurship as an integrating mechanism for disadvantaged persons

“…Yet, we also emphasise that though such historical conditions may limit the definition of 'acceptable' entrepreneurial activities undertaken by disadvantaged persons, they do not necessarily prevent disadvantaged persons from modifying existing arrangements; there may even be an expectation that they do so (Bourdieu 2000). The diversity of conditions to which disadvantaged persons gain exposure, prior to entering the field of entrepreneurship (Fairlie and Meyer 1996;Anderson, Honig, and Peredo 2006), can lead field incumbents to be 'confronted with conditions of actualization different from the conditions in which the field's rules were produced' (Bourdieu 2000, 161). Thus, the field's habitus can be subjected to a permanent revision when it confronts the special characteristics of disadvantaged persons.…”

“…For instance, they face significant hurdles with respect to limited access to resources (Fairlie 2005;Pavey 2006) and unattractive stereotypes about their interests and capabilities 358 D. De Clercq and B. Honig (Glazer and Moynihan 1970;Lindgren and Packendorff 2006). Because they often have relatively little opportunity to improve their position in society through regular employment, entrepreneurship represents an option for overcoming these hurdles (Mata and Pendakur 1999;Ipsen, Arnold, and Colling 2003;Anderson, Honig, and Peredo 2006). Entrepreneurship may help disadvantaged persons accomplish several goals, such as increased self-worth (Van Gelderen 2006), satisfaction through overcoming obstacles in the labour market (Ghormley 2001) or reduced dependence on social assistance support (Ipsen, Arnold, and Colling 2003).…”

“…Email: ddeclercq@brocku.ca yBoth authors contributed equally to this manuscript and are listed in alphabetical order. inclusion of minority groups (Fairlie and Meyer 1996;Maher 1999;Mata and Pendakur 1999;Anderson, Honig, and Peredo 2006;Anderson, Dana, and Dana 2006;Pavey 2006). Despite attention devoted to the role of cooperatives, job subsidy programmes, occupational training and volunteer organizations in achieving social inclusion of disadvantaged persons (Bode, Evers, and Schulz 2006), extant theory has not fully addressed the mechanisms by which disadvantaged persons can enter entrepreneurial activities, nor has it considered the role of power in this process (Armstrong 2005;Lukes 2005;Nicholls and Cho 2006;Chell 2007).…”

An Uncommon Wealth . . .Transforming the Commons With Purpose, for People and Not for Profit!

“…Although the study of entrepreneurship has largely been dominated by economic discourse, signs of change abound: Concepts such as Indigenous entrepreneurship, communitybased entrepreneurship or enterprising communities more generally, sustainable entrepreneurship, eco-entrepreneurship, and social entrepreneurship more broadly contain the seeds for an altogether different reality (Anderson, Honig & Peredo, 2006;Tedmanson, Verduyn, Essers & Gartner, 2012). Issues of emancipation, politics, ethics, caring, solidarity, community are sources of inspiration for drawing out the radical potentiality of entrepreneurship and reflect a willingness to incorporate progressive forms of political theorizing (e.g., Gibson-Graham, 1996, 2006a2006b;Adam & Groves, 2007).…”

Social capital and Mennonite entrepreneurship: the case of Circle R in Blue Creek, Northern Belize

“…Most of the Mennonites remain their Canadian citizenship beside their Belizean citizenship. Anderson et al (2006) reveal the traits of ethnic entrepreneurship, starting with the fact that ethnic entrepreneurship always concerns immigrants. According to Light (2004) immigrants and ethnic minorities bring strong resources, such as social capital, to their new living area to empower their self-employment.…”