Communities, wildlife and the ‘new conservation’ in Africa

Hulme, David; Murphree, Marshall W.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199903/04)11:2<277::aid-jid582>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 175 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The idea that there is a 'new conservation' (Hulme & Murphree, 1999) is widely accepted, and it is obvious that battle has been joined, between supporters and opponents of a 'participatory' or 'community' approach to conservation, as to whether the approach 'works'. We believe this debate is premature.…”

Section: Does Community Conservation 'Work'?mentioning

confidence: 99%

If community conservation is the answer in Africa, what is the question?

Adams¹,

Hulme²

2001

ORX

154

111

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Proponents of community conservation present it as a means of reconciling conservation and development objectives by ensuring that the interests of local people are taken into account in making trade-offs. Conservation critics see it as a challenge to the state-led, scientific management that is necessary to guarantee the preservation of biodiversity. In this paper, we argue that community conservation is not one thing but many. It is evolving both as a concept and as a practice that must be built on. It is not a project or policy 'choice' that can be simply accepted or rejected. The key questions about community conservation are who should set the objectives for conservation policy on the ground and how should trade-offs between the diverse objectives of different interests be negotiated.

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Section: Does Community Conservation 'Work'?mentioning

confidence: 99%

If community conservation is the answer in Africa, what is the question?

Adams¹,

Hulme²

2001

ORX

154

111

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“…Other off-reserve conservation approaches involve an increased emphasis on ways of revenue sharing and the involvement of local populations in the protection of areas of important habitat. Many such experiments are occurring across Africa in the form of village forest reserves, community-based wildlife reserves, and the implementation of bye-laws recognizing the legal rights of communities to control sacred forests (Hackel, 1999;Hulme and Murphree, 1999;Wily & Mbaya, 2001). Although these examples provide hope for the future, human population pressure on important biodiversity areas is likely to increase (U Dr, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where are the major gaps in the reserve network for Africa's mammals?

Fjeldså

Burgess

Blyth

et al. 2004

Oryx

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The establishment of protected areas for wildlife conservation in Africa was motivated by a number of different reasons (including hunting, recreation and wildlife conservation). The current reserve network provides good coverage of the distributions of the 194 species of larger mammals (> 3 kg) and 51 species of threatened larger mammals. However, it is less effective in covering the distribution of all 197 of Africa's threatened mammal species, which includes >140 smaller bodied species ( <3 kg) often restricted to habitat patches. A fully comprehensive network of areas for the conservation of African mammals, especially those facing extinction, is not yet in place, and further reserves may be needed in the Horn of Africa (Somalia in particular), the Cameroon Highlands, parts of the eastern African coastal forests and Eastern Arc Mountains, and parts of the Albertine Rift Mountains. More and larger reserve areas are also required to adequately cover all the species of South Africa. Parts of these gaps are already covered by government forest reserves, and the importance of this reserve category for the conservation of African mammals, especially threatened species, needs to be better recognized. As many of the gaps in reserve coverage are in areas of high human population and good agricultural potential, conservation goals may be difficult to achieve unless we supplement traditional reserves with novel approaches to maintain natural habitats and wildlife outside reserves.

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“…For a greater part of the twentieth century, biodiversity conservation in protected areas (PAs) was characterised by socially exclusive 'fortress' strategies aimed at creating 'pristine environments' (Hulme & Murphree 1999;Adams & Hutton 2007). More often than not, the proclamation of PAs informed by fortress approaches resulted in economic and social costs to local communities such as the loss of land ownership rights and access to natural resources, which in turn strained relationships and generated conflicts between local communities and conservation officials (Brockington 2002;Brockington et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local people and conservation officials’ perceptions on relationships and conflicts in South African protected areas

Thondhlana

Cundill

2017

International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Servic

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Protected areas (PAs) are often conflict-ridden, but conflict resolution mechanisms are often constrained by little appreciation of the perceptions of the principal agents (PA managers and local communities) about such conflicts. Getting local people's support in PA management efforts is considered important for achieving conservation and livelihood goals. Using data from 13 nature reserves in South Africa, this study explores the perceptions of reserve managers and local communities about their relationships and the existence and underlying causes of conflicts. The findings showed sharp contrasts in perceptions between reserve managers and local communities. Reserve managers generally perceived that there were no conflicts with local communities and that their relationship with them was positive while local communities thought otherwise, claiming conflicts were centred around restricted access to PAs, lack of benefits from PAs and communication problems. These findings have profound implications for conservation, especially considering the importance of getting local people's support in PA management. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Communities, wildlife and the ‘new conservation’ in Africa

Cited by 175 publications

References 4 publications

If community conservation is the answer in Africa, what is the question?

If community conservation is the answer in Africa, what is the question?

Where are the major gaps in the reserve network for Africa's mammals?

Local people and conservation officials’ perceptions on relationships and conflicts in South African protected areas

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