Community-associated methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus: skin and soft tissue infections in Hong Kong

Ho, Pak‐Leung; Chuang, Shuk-Kwan; Choi, Yu-Fai; Lee, Rodney A.; Lit, Albert C.H.; Ng, Tak‐Keung; Que, Tak-Lun; Shek, Kam-Chuen; Tong, Hon-Kuan; Tse, Cindy Wing-Sze; Tung, Wai-Kit; Yung, R

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.12.015

Cited by 84 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…A similar resistance rate was noticed in another study from China in which MRSA isolated from pediatric patients possessed resistance rates of 85% to erythromycin, 77% to clindamycin, 56% to gentamicin, and 21% to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (51). In this study, S. aureus isolates recovered from nasal swabs of healthy military volunteers were highly sensitive to cefazolin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin/ clavulanate, vancomycin, teicoplanin, cefataxime, and cefepime but resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, a result which is similar to those found in isolates from varied populations from 12 cities in China (18,45). In contrast to these surveillance studies done in hospitals, our results indicated that MRSA nasal carriage was still rare in healthy military people in Beijing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Nasal Colonization of and Clonal Transmission of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus among Chinese Military Volunteers

Cui

Guo

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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Military facilities provide unique opportunities for studying Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and transmission patterns. In this cross-sectional observational study, we assessed the prevalence of S. aureus nasal colonization among Chinese military volunteers in two camps in the Beijing area. Antimicrobial resistance patterns, risk factors for colonization, and transmission patterns using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were also evaluated. From May to July 2007, 1,044 nasal swabs were collected from military volunteers from suburban (560) and urban (484) Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of skin and soft tissue infections, as well as invasive infections in humans (25). Since methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was first reported, it has become endemic in hospitals and communities around the world (10). The recent emergence of a highly virulent community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant, intermediate-resistant, or heteroresistant S. aureus further heightens public health concerns (14,17,37,46). Prevention of S. aureus infection and reduction of the spread of virulent and resistant strains are therefore of great importance.On the other hand, S. aureus is a member of the commensal microflora. The anterior nares of the nose are the primary reservoirs of S. aureus colonization in humans, and many S. aureus infections occur in persons with prior nasal bacterial carriage (47). Nasal colonization is an important step in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection and is a risk factor for acquiring nosocomial infection (22). It has been shown that 80% of nosocomial S. aureus bacteremia episodes in carriers of this bacteria were attributed to an endogenous source (44). Nosocomial S. aureus bacteremia was three times more frequent in S. aureus carriers than in noncarriers (48). Numerous studies of S. aureus nasal carriage have been carried out in various geographic regions in the United States and the Netherlands (2,5,7,21,23,27,28,41). Cross-section surveys of nasal carriage prevalence and transmission mechanisms in special healthy populations are beneficial in assessing risk factors associated with S. aureus infections (2,8,13,26,(32)(33)(34)(35). Military facilities provide unique opportunities for studying S. aureus nasal colonization and transmission (11,19,52).In China, MRSA was shown in 63% of S. aureus isolates, among which 77% nosocomial and 43% community isolates were MRSA (49). According to a study conducted in 2005, the mean incidence of MRSA across China was over 50%, and in Shanghai, the prevalence was over 80%, contributed to by two major epidemic MRSA clones with unique geographic distribution (24,45,50,51). Therefore, understanding and controlling the spread of MRSA in both hospital and community settings in China are now of paramount importance. The majority of S. aureus isolates studied in China have been limited to clinical patients, and S. aureus isolates recovered from healthy populations or those from healthy military volunteers have not been previously reported....

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Nasal Colonization of and Clonal Transmission of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus among Chinese Military Volunteers

Cui

Guo

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Representatives of MRSA strains with different T m values in the LightCycler MRSA Advanced Test were randomly selected for further characterization by molecular typing methods, including S. aureus protein A gene (spa) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), using standard protocols (8,9). Sequencing analysis of the SCCmec-orfX junction was performed to screen for SNPs, according to the method described by Hagen et al (10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the LightCycler Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Advanced Test for Detection of MRSA Nasal Colonization

Yam

Siu

et al. 2013

J Clin Microbiol

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confidence: 99%

“…The isolates were characterized by spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing as described previously (5, 8). PCR assays were used to detect the macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLS) resistance determinants (ermA, ermB, ermC, and mefA and mefE) and two virulence genes (pvl and arcA) (5,7,8).In total, 3,081 animals, including 609 cats, 660 chickens, 589 dogs, 310 cattle, 305 pigs, and 608 rodents (281 Rattus norvegicus, 22 Rattus rattus, 151 Rattus andamanensis, 100 Niviventer fulvescens, and 54 unidentified species), were cultured (Table 1). Overall, 24.9% of pigs, 4.7% of chickens, 6.3% of dogs, 10.5% of cats, and 7.1% of rodents were S. aureus positive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Clonality and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Isolates from Food Animals and Other Animals

Chow

Lai

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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bOut of 3,081 animals studied, 24.9% of pigs, 4.7% of chickens, 6.3% of dogs, 10.5% of cats, and 7.1% of rodents were Staphylococcus aureus positive. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was high in pigs (animals, 21.3%; batches, 46.5%), with all MRSA isolates and most methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates belonging to clonal complex 9 (CC9) and being multidrug resistant. The predominant S. aureus CCs among dog and cat isolates were similar. Among rodent isolates, CC398 predominated, with spa t034 the most frequent spa type detected. Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in human and veterinary medicine (3,4,14). Since 2005, there has been a marked increase in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among farm animals, especially pigs (14). These MRSA isolates belong to specific clones (sequence type 9 [ST9] and ST398) and are often resistant to other non-␤-lactam antibiotics (14). However, limited studies have been performed to compare the clonal structures of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA populations in food animals and other animals. Here, we investigated the prevalence of MRSA and MSSA among various animals and the strains were characterized by molecular methods. From September 2008 to August 2011, nasal or tracheal swabs were obtained from animals in a central slaughterhouse (cattle and pigs), wet markets (chickens), and urban areas (stray dogs, stray cats, and wild rodents) (6). chromID MRSA (bioMérieux, France) and mannitol salt agar plates were used for the recovery of S. aureus isolates, following an overnight broth enrichment step (5). The bacterium was identified as S. aureus by PCR methods based on an S. aureus chromosomal fragment (sau) (11). The PCR assay could distinguish S. aureus from other closely related species (11). Isolates from cats and dogs were further tested by a multiplex PCR method based on the thermonuclease (nuc) gene, allowing separation from the newly described Staphylococcus pseudointermedius (16). The disc diffusion method was used for susceptibility testing according to the CLSI (2). The isolates were characterized by spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing as described previously (5, 8). PCR assays were used to detect the macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLS) resistance determinants (ermA, ermB, ermC, and mefA and mefE) and two virulence genes (pvl and arcA) (5,7,8).In total, 3,081 animals, including 609 cats, 660 chickens, 589 dogs, 310 cattle, 305 pigs, and 608 rodents (281 Rattus norvegicus, 22 Rattus rattus, 151 Rattus andamanensis, 100 Niviventer fulvescens, and 54 unidentified species), were cultured (Table 1). Overall, 24.9% of pigs, 4.7% of chickens, 6.3% of dogs, 10.5% of cats, and 7.1% of rodents were S. aureus positive. A total of 254 S. aureus isolates, including 188 MSSA and 66 MRSA isolates, were recovered from 252 animals ( Table 2). All but one of the isolates from chickens and pigs were resistant to three or more non-␤-lactam drugs. In contrast...

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Community-associated methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus: skin and soft tissue infections in Hong Kong

Cited by 84 publications

References 23 publications

Nasal Colonization of and Clonal Transmission of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus among Chinese Military Volunteers

Nasal Colonization of and Clonal Transmission of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus among Chinese Military Volunteers

Evaluation of the LightCycler Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Advanced Test for Detection of MRSA Nasal Colonization

Clonality and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Isolates from Food Animals and Other Animals

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