Community-based sero-prevalence of chikungunya and yellow fever in the South Omo Valley of Southern Ethiopia

Endale, Adugna; Michlmayr, Daniela; Abegaz, Woldaregay Erku; Asebe, Getahun; Larrick, James W.; Medhin, Girmay; Legesse, Mengistu

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008549

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The slightly higher seroprevalence that we found in the Gambella region could be explained by the higher rate of daily commuters from neighboring countries (South Sudan, Sudan), migration of refugees, and seasonal movement of pastoralists from North and West Africa in search of pasture. Our findings show a lower anti-YFV IgG antibody response compared to other seroprevalence studies conducted in South Omo, Ethiopia [22] where the authors found 49.5% seropositivity for YFV IgG antibodies. A higher seroprevalence of YFV IgG antibodies was also reported from the Borena area of Southern Ethiopia (12.5% of participants) [40], and Kenya (6% of participants) [41].…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…Our study examines the community-based sero-epidemiology of YFV, CHIKV, and ZIKV in two selected districts of the Gambella region in South West Ethiopia. Previously a few studies on arboviruses have been conducted in other regions of Ethiopia and were mainly part of outbreak investigations at that time including dengue fever (DF) and YF [ 3 , 19 , 22 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, CHIK cases were reported from the Dire Dawa and the Afar regions, Eastern Ethiopia [ 20 , 21 ]. Recently, a study by Endale and his co-authors reported a high seroprevalence (43.6%) of CHIKV infections in the South Omo region of southwest Ethiopia which adjoins the current study location (Gambella region, Southwest Ethiopia) [ 22 ]. There is no data about CHIKV circulation in the Gambella region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Seroprevalence of Yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika virus at a community level in the Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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Yellow fever (YF), Chikungunya (CHIK), and Zika(ZIK) are among re-emerging arboviral diseases of major public health concern. Despite the proximity of the Gambella Region to South Sudan where arboviral cases have been recorded repeatedly the current epidemiological situation is unclear in this part of southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, we conducted a community-based seroprevalence survey of YF virus (YFV), CHIK virus (CHIKV), and ZIK virus (ZIKV) infections in two selected districts. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two locations of the Gambella region (Lare and Itang) to investigate the seroprevalence of these viruses’ infections. Blood samples were collected from the study participants and screened for IgG antibodies specific to YFV and CHIKV infections using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). For the detection of ZIKV specific IgG antibodies, Blockade-of-binding ELISA was used. Data were analyzed using the STATA version 13.1 Softwares. A total of 150 individuals (96 males and 54 females, age ranging from 18 to 65 years, mean age ± SD = 35.92 ± 10.99) participated and provided blood samples. Among the 150 samples 135, 90, and 150 were screened for YFV, CHIKV, and ZIKV, respectively. Hence, 2.9% (95% CI: 1.1–7.7%), 15.6% (95% CI: 9.3–24.8%), and 27.3% (95% CI: 20.7–35.3%) of samples tested positive for IgG antibodies to YFV, CHIKV, and ZIKV infections, respectively. Among the individual seropositive for ZIKV, YFV and CHIKV, only six, one and three had a history of residence outside the Gambella region respectively. Agro-pastoral occupation was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IgG against CHIKV (AOR = 14.17; 95%CI: 2.30, 87.30) and residency in the Lare district (AOR = 11; 95%CI: 3.31, 39.81) was found to be significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IgG against ZIKV. Our findings revealed the occurrence of YFV, CHIKV and ZIKV infections in the study locations.

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Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Seroprevalence of Yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika virus at a community level in the Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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“…This observation may possibly reflect the now endemic nature of the disease, with more individuals becoming seropositive over time. As a matter of fact, the overall prevalence of seropositivity for CHIKV in our sample was numerically higher than that observed in the general healthy population in Reunion Islands (38.2%, 2005-6) [15], Ethiopia (43.6%, 2018) [16], and Zambia (36.9%, 2016) [17].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Treatment with biological therapy is associated with faster recovery and lower frequency of treatment switch among rheumatic patients with Chikungunya fever

et al. 2022

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Background/Objective The effects of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection on patients with rheumatic diseases have not been extensively studied. Our aim was to compare the clinical course of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, categorized according to the use or not of biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), during and after infection by CHIKV. Methods Patients from a northeastern Brazilian city that suffered an epidemic outbreak of Chikungunya fever (CHIK) between Oct 2015 and Jul 2016, on regular follow-up in a longitudinal registry of rheumatic patients (BiobadaBrasil), were invited to participate. Participants underwent a standardized clinical interview and collection of blood sample for serological tests (IgM/IgG) for CHIKV. A positive IgG was considered evidence of previous CHIKV infection. Results 105 patients (84 with rheumatoid arthritis, 17 with ankylosing spondylitis, and 4 with psoriatic arthritis) were evaluated. Most patients (58, 55.2%) were on therapy with bDMARDs. The overall prevalence of seropositivity for CHIKV was 47.6% (39.7% in patients on bDMARDs and 57.4% in those exclusively on conventional synthetic (cs-) DMARDs (p = 0.070). Among seropositive patients, asymptomatic disease had similar frequency in those treated and not treated with bDMARDs (39.1% versus 33.3%, respectively; p = 0.670). However, patients exclusively on csDMARDs presented significantly higher prevalence of articular symptoms beyond 3 months and switched treatment more often than patients on bDMARDs (p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusions Among rheumatic patients with CHIK, those on bDMARDs had shorter persistence of articular symptoms and switched treatment scheme less often than patients exclusively treated with csDMARDs.

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“…However, the country has been hampered by challenges of lack of clinical experience to suspect and manage potential DF cases and by the absence of adequate laboratory diagnostic capabilities. As a result, DF cases possibly remain undiagnosed as mild or asymptomatic, misdiagnosed with other clinical manifestations resembling malaria, bacterial, or other viral infections or remaining unidentified febrile illness [13,23]. Therefore, DF cases, including epidemics, emerge and pose a significant unforeseen and none-responded challenge to the country due to weak health system, low experience of health service providers, and economic instability [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, biology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of dengue virus infection, and its trend in Ethiopia: a comprehensive literature review

2023

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Dengue fever is a dengue virus infection, emerging rapidly and posing public health threat worldwide, primarily in tropical and subtropical countries. Nearly half of the world's population is now at risk of contracting the dengue virus, including new countries with no previous history-like Ethiopia. However, little is known about the epidemiology and impact of the disease in different countries. This is especially true in countries, where cases have recently begun to be reported. This review aims to summarize epidemiology, biology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of dengue virus infection and its trend in Ethiopia. It may help countries, where dengue fever is not yet on the public health list-like Ethiopia to alert healthcare workers to consider the disease for diagnosis and treatment. The review retrieved and incorporated 139 published and organizational reports showing approximately 390 million new infections. About 100 million of these infections develop the clinical features of dengue, and thousands of people die annually from severe dengue fever in 129 countries. It is caused by being bitten by a dengue virus-infected female mosquito, primarily Aedes aegypti and, lesser, Ae. albopictus. Dengue virus is a member of the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family and has four independent but antigen-related single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus serotypes. The infection is usually asymptomatic but causes illnesses ranging from mild febrile illness to fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome. Diagnosis can be by detecting the virus genome using nucleic acids amplification tests or testing NS1 antigen and/or anti-dengue antibodies from serum, plasma, circulating blood cells, or other tissues. Dengue cases and outbreaks have increased in recent decades, with a significant public health impact. Ethiopia has had nearly annual outbreaks since 2013, devastating an already fragmented health system and economy. Standardization of medication, population-level screening for early diagnosis and prompt treatment, and minimization of mosquito bites reduce overall infection and mortality rates.

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Community-based sero-prevalence of chikungunya and yellow fever in the South Omo Valley of Southern Ethiopia

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Seroprevalence of Yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika virus at a community level in the Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia

Seroprevalence of Yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika virus at a community level in the Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia

Treatment with biological therapy is associated with faster recovery and lower frequency of treatment switch among rheumatic patients with Chikungunya fever

Epidemiology, biology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of dengue virus infection, and its trend in Ethiopia: a comprehensive literature review

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