Community burden and transmission of acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and rotavirus in the Netherlands (RotaFam): a prospective household-based cohort study

Norovirus compared to other relevant etiologies of acute gastroenteritis among families from a semirural county in Chile

“…In a study on predominantly Hispanic families living in the USA, Perry et al described a significantly higher risk of primary and secondary AGE episodes in children <2 years of age, with an up to 8-fold higher risk than older AGE (Perry et al, 2005). Quee et al recently published the results of an active family-based study in the Netherlands and reported 3.1 AGE per 100 persons per week, predominantly in children <2 years of age, with a significant decline in individuals >18 years old (Quee et al, 2020). The present study results complement these studies by including a lower middle income population, which can most likely be extrapolated to similar regions.…”

“…The infection attack rate (iAR) was highest among household contacts of children with norovirus AGE (33%), compared to those of other etiology diarrhea cases and healthy controls (8% and 18%, respectively). Recently, an active familybased study from the Netherlands compared the burden and transmission of norovirus and rotavirus AGE, reporting a secondary attack rate of 15% for norovirus and 28% for rotavirus (Quee et al, 2020). These studies provide a basis for intra-domiciliary transmission of norovirus.…”

Predicted Norovirus Resurgence in 2021-2022 Due to the Relaxation of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions Associated with COVID-19 Restrictions in England: A Mathematical Modelling Study

“…The data from IID2 is over 10 years old, and may not fully represent incidence experienced in recent years, due to strain replacement in 2012 and hypothesised higher incidence of infection. Indeed, a recent community cohort study in the Netherlands report an incidence of symptomatic norovirus of 339.4 cases per 1000 person-years [43], which is higher than that reported in the IID2. We aimed to overcome the weaknesses in data by having multiple models with varying assumptions to cover a wide range of plausible present-day scenarios of norovirus dynamics.…”

“…A further complexity in norovirus epidemiology is the possibility of strain replacement in the coming months or years; the GII.4/2012 strain has been in circulation in England since 2013 and could continue to dominate, but the emergence of other variants also have potential [38]. The likelihood and how a new variant may impact norovirus dynamics is currently uncertain and is likely to depend on the relative virulence of a new strain and the heterotypic immunity from infection with the GII.4/2012 strain.…”

Letter to the editor in response to: Rotavirus vaccine administration patterns in Italy: potential impact on vaccine coverage, compliance and adherence

“…[17][18][19] Household studies from different countries including the United States, Netherlands, and Ecuador show that rotavirus is highly transmissible within households. [20][21][22] In particular, a household study from Ecuador showed that when a younger child has rotavirus, older siblings are at risk for rotavirus infection. 22 Thus, long-term protection acquired as infants may prove beneficial for families as infants suffer multiple exposures to rotavirus infection.…”