Community coalition and key stakeholder perceptions of the community opioid epidemic before an intensive community-level intervention

Predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors associated with opioid addiction helping behaviour in tri-state Appalachian counties: application of the PRECEDE–PROCEED model–cross-sectional analysis

“…This finding emphasises the need to not only address individual-level factors, such as knowledge and attitude, but also to improve the resources available in the communities where people live. Research on contextual factors that may impact the success of community-based interventions to address opioid use disorders has shown that the health services environment, including the availability and access to substance use services, is an important determinant to successfully address the overdose epidemic 47. In addition to addressing important predisposing and reinforcing factors, public health professionals working in areas heavily impacted by the overdose epidemic should consider improving the community-level resources available to increase helping behaviour among community members.…”

Qualitative System Dynamics Modeling to Support Community Planning in Opioid Overdose Prevention

“…To develop the CLDs, we used various community-specific secondary data sources collected in 2019, including 46 de-identified and transcribed qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and coalition members (e.g., county commissioner, law enforcement agents, criminal justice representatives, healthcare and social services providers, and people directly impacted by the opioid crisis) regarding their beliefs, experiences, and opinions about OUD, its effects on the communities, and their engagement in finding solutions for the problem (Drainoni et al, 2022;Walker et al, 2022). Using the RE-AIM/PRISM implementation science framework (Glasgow et al, 2019), the goal of these interviews was to obtain an in-depth understanding of community members' perspectives about internal and external contextual issues such as community stigma that could have an impact on the implementation process of EBPs (Drainoni et al, 2022;Knudsen et al, 2020). Areas of topics covered in the interviews were (1) community risk perceptions, (2) levels of stigma, (3) the health services environment and the availability of substance use services, and (4) funding for substance use services (Drainoni et al, 2022;Knudsen et al, 2020).…”

“…Using the RE-AIM/PRISM implementation science framework (Glasgow et al, 2019), the goal of these interviews was to obtain an in-depth understanding of community members' perspectives about internal and external contextual issues such as community stigma that could have an impact on the implementation process of EBPs (Drainoni et al, 2022;Knudsen et al, 2020). Areas of topics covered in the interviews were (1) community risk perceptions, (2) levels of stigma, (3) the health services environment and the availability of substance use services, and (4) funding for substance use services (Drainoni et al, 2022;Knudsen et al, 2020).…”

“…The goal of SD modeling, a systems science approach, is to enable community stakeholders to develop a shared understanding of the complex drivers underlying the opioid problem in each community, and to identify potential intervention levers based on this shared understanding, to improve the adoption and implementation of EBPs. We draw upon best practices in community SD modeling to support the ethos of participatory discovery (Hovmand, 2013; Sterman, 2002), which aligns well with the community engagement focus of HCS. In addition to using SD modeling to help communities identify ways to improve and sustain desired outcomes, SD modeling is useful for anticipating trade-offs and challenges that may arise and impact the effectiveness of a given program, policy, or practice in both the short and long term (Sabounchi et al, 2022).…”

“…Qualitative systems modeling is a formative phase of many SD modeling projects (Hovmand, 2013). In SD, qualitative models are often presented as causal loop diagrams (CLDs) that elucidate interdependencies among actors, factors, and sectors that contribute to a problem.…”