Community Genetics: Expanding the Synthesis of Ecology and Genetics

Neuhauser, Claudia; Andow, David A.; Heimpel, George E.; May, Georgiana; Shaw, Ruth G.; Wagenius, Stuart

doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0545:cgetso]2.0.co;2

Cited by 111 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Our study documents the first such evidence that individuals of a species subjected to IEEs may vary in phenotypic responses depending on their specific genotype. This supports the position that IEEs can play an important role in the evolution of species (Miller & Travis 1996;Neuhauser et al 2003) and that the community in which a population exists can have an important impact on the evolution of that population. …”

Section: Discussion (A) Indirect Ecological Effectsupporting

confidence: 77%

Genetic variation in response to an indirect ecological effect

2005

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Indirect ecological effects (IEEs) are widespread and often as strong as the phenotypic effects arising from direct interactions in natural communities. Indirect effects can influence competitive interactions, and are thought to be important selective forces. However, the extent that selection arising from IEEs results in long-term evolutionary change depends on genetic variation underlying the phenotypic response-that is, a genotype-by-IEE interaction. We provide the first data on genetic variation in the response of traits to an IEE, and illustrate how such genetic variation might be detected and analysed. We used a model tri-trophic system to investigate the effect of host plants on two populations of predatory ladybirds through a clonal aphid herbivore. A split-family experimental design allowed us to estimate the effects of aphid host plant on ladybird traits (IEE) and the extent of genetic variation in ladybird predators for response to these effects (genotype-by-indirect environmental effect interaction). We found significant genetic variation in the response of ladybird phenotypes to the indirect effect of host plant of their aphid prey, demonstrating the potential for evolutionary responses to selection arising from the prey host.

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Section: Discussion (A) Indirect Ecological Effectsupporting

confidence: 77%

Genetic variation in response to an indirect ecological effect

2005

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“…Anticipating what will happen over time in a genetically improved resistant forest plantation is a pertinent concern. The insect or pathogen response to a given genetic material is not static but the outcome of a dynamic evolutionary process (Neuhauser et al, 2003). This is illustrated by the increase in susceptibility of transgenic materials resistant to insects after some generations (e.g.…”

Section: Stand Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Jactel

Nicoll

Branco³

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

236

167

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Abstract• This article synthesizes and reviews the available information on the effects of forestry practices on the occurrence of biotic and abiotic hazards, as well as on stand susceptibility to these damaging agents, concentrating on mammal herbivores, pest insects, pathogenic fungi, wind and fire.• The management operations examined are site selection, site preparation, stand composition, regeneration method, cleaning and weed control, thinning and pruning, and harvesting. For each of these operations we have examined how they influence the occurrence of biotic and abiotic damaging agents, the susceptibility of European forests, and describe the ecological processes that may explain these influences.• Overall, we find that the silvicultural operations that have the largest influence on both biotic and abiotic risks to European forest stands are closely related to species composition and the structure of the overstorey. Four main processes that drive the causal relationships between stand management and susceptibility have been identified: effect on local microclimate, provision of fuel and resources to biotic and abiotic hazards, enhancement of biological control by natural enemies and changes in individual tree physiology and development.• The review demonstrates an opportunity to develop silvicultural methods that achieve forest management objectives at the same time as minimising biotic and abiotic risks. Mots-clés :sylviculture / peuplement / occurrence / sensibilité / Résumé -Influences de la sylviculture sur le risque de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques dans les peuplements forestiers.• Cette revue bibliographique s'intéresse aux effets de la sylviculture sur la sensibilité des peuplements forestiers aux principaux agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques que sont les mammifères herbivores, les insectes ravageurs, les champignons pathogènes, le feu et les vents forts. * Corresponding author: herve.jactel@pierroton.inra.frArticle published by EDP Sciences Ann. For. Sci. 66 (2009) 701 H. Jactel et al.• Les pratiques forestières analysées sont la sélection et la préparation des sites de reboisement, la définition de la composition en essences et le choix du matériel génétique, les méthodes de régé-nération et d'entretien, les modalités d'éclaircie et d'élagage, le mode de récolte finale. L'influence de chacune de ces opérations sur l'occurrence des agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques et sur la sensibilité des peuplements est examinée ainsi que les processus écologiques sous-jacents.• Les opérations sylvicoles qui se révèlent les plus déterminantes pour la sensibilité des forêts en Europe sont celles qui affectent la composition et la structure de la strate arborée. Quatre principaux processus écologiques semblent expliquer la relation entre sylviculture et sensibilité des peuplements : la modification du micro-climat, l'apport de ressources ou de combustible aux agents de dégâts, l'amélioration du contrôle biologique par les ennemis naturels et l'altération de la physiologie et du développement des arb...

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“…There is growing recognition that species evolve within communities and that community interactions influence the evolutionary process (Antonovics 1992, Neuhauser et al 2003, Whitham et al 2003. At the same time, we are becoming increasingly aware that evolutionary processes, particularly the way that traits evolve within lineages, influence species distributions and assembly in communities (McPeek 1996, Webb et al 2002, Ackerly 2003, Chazdon et al 2003, CavenderBares et al 2004a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Structure of Floridian Plant Communities Depends on Taxonomic and Spatial Scale

Cavender‐Bares

Keen

Miles

2006

Ecology

504

607

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Abstract. Consideration of the scale at which communities are defined both taxonomically and spatially can reconcile apparently contradictory results on the extent to which plants show phylogenetic niche conservatism. In plant communities in north central Florida, we collected species abundances in 55 0.1-ha plots in several state parks. When communities were defined narrowly to include a single phylogenetic lineage, such as Quercus, Pinus, or Ilex, neighbors tended to be less related than expected (phylogenetic overdispersion) or there was no pattern. If the same communities were defined more broadly, such as when all seed plants were included, neighbors tended to be more related than expected (phylogenetic clustering). These results provide evidence that species interactions among close relatives influence community structure, but they also show that niche conservatism is increasingly evident as communities are defined to include greater phylogenetic diversity. We also found that, as the spatial scale is increased to encompass greater environmental heterogeneity, niche conservatism emerges as the dominant pattern. We then examined patterns of trait evolution in relation to trait similarity within communities for 11 functional traits for a single phylogenetic lineage (Quercus) and for all woody plants. Among the oaks, convergent evolution of traits important for environmental filtering contributes to the observed pattern of phylogenetic overdispersion. At the broader taxonomic scale, traits tend to be conserved, giving rise to phylogenetic clustering. The shift from overdispersion to clustering can be explained by the increasing conservatism of traits at broader phylogenetic scales.

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Community Genetics: Expanding the Synthesis of Ecology and Genetics

Cited by 111 publications

References 98 publications

Genetic variation in response to an indirect ecological effect

Genetic variation in response to an indirect ecological effect

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Phylogenetic Structure of Floridian Plant Communities Depends on Taxonomic and Spatial Scale

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