Commuter Exposure to Atmospheric Lead

Lead Concentrations in Detroit, New York, and Los Angeles Air

“…9 Intermediate levels, 4-13 fig/va 3 , were measured on streets very close to traffic, as in our study, although Thomas 10 measured concentrations as high or higher than our values at what appear to be greater distances from traffic. Concentrations measured five meters or higher above street level, as at some urban sites in the Three-City Survey 8 …”

“…9 Lead levels inside cars, driven in Los Angeles and Cincinnati, were higher during morning and afternoon rush-hour traffic than at midday. Moreover, average lead concentrations in cars on five freeway routes were higher than on two non-freeway routes.…”

Pigeons: A New Role in Air Pollution

“…5 Concentrations of lead in urban soils and grasses have been reported to vary according to their distance from the roadway with most of the contamination occurring within 100 ft of the roadway. 6 Coarse particles, along with the lead deposited by rainfall, are believed to be the principal sources for lead which contaminates soils and vegetation near high-speed roadways.…”

motor vehicle emissions and atmospheric lead concentrations in the los angeles area

“…Near roads, diurnal variations in atmospheric Pb concentrations parallel diurnal patterns of vehicular traffic density. 10 Ambient Pb levels decrease with increasing perpendicular distance from a highway.…”