¿Cómo influye el sistema de protección en el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes que acoge?

Abstract

Resumen. El bienestar subjetivo es un componente esencial de la calidad de vida. Conocemos muy poco sobre el bienestar subjetivo de los niños y niñas, y menos aún de los adolescentes de colectivos vulnerables como los que están acogidos por el sistema de protección. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar cómo influye el sistema de protección en el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes que acoge a partir de sus propias percepciones, evaluaciones y satisfacciones. Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado en Cataluña. La población de estudio fueron los adolescentes entre 12 y 14 años acogidos en centro residencial (n=379) y familia extensa (n=219). Se administró el cuestionario International Survey of Children's Well-Being (ISCWeB) que incluía tres escalas psicométricas: Overall Live Satisfaction (OLS), Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS) y la Personal Well-Being Index (PWI) utilizadas como indicadores de bienestar subjetivo. La mayoría de los adolescentes acogidos en familia extensa están satisfechos con el tipo de acogimiento por sólo la mitad de los que están acogidos en centro. Los adolescentes que llevan más tiempo en el mismo tipo de acogimiento, los que viven en centros de menor tamaño, así como aquellos que manifiestan estar satisfechos con sus acogedores, educadores y compañeros de centro, muestran medias de bienestar subjetivo más altas. Es muy importante tener en cuenta la opinión de los adolescentes acogidos por el sistema de protección si se pretende mejorar su bienestar subjetivo. La estabilidad y el vínculo afectivo con acogedores y educadores es clave en su bienestar. Palabras clave: Bienestar subjetivo; adolescentes tutelados; sistema de protección; acogimiento residencial; acogimiento familiar.[pt] Como o sistema de proteção influencia o bem-estar subjetivo dos adolescentes que acolhe?Resumo. O bem-estar subjetivo é um componente essencial da qualidade de vida. Sabe-se muito pouco sobre o bem-estar subjetivo das crianças e menos ainda daqueles adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade, como os que foram acolhidos pelo sistema de proteção. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar como o sistema de proteção influencia o bem-estar subjetivo dos adolescentes que acolhe, a partir das suas próprias percepções, avaliações e satisfações. Trata-se dum estudo transversal realizado na Catalunha. Os participantes do estudo foram adolescentes entre 12 e 14 anos acolhidos em instituições (n = 379) e a viver numa família extensa (n = 219). Responderam ao questionário International Survey of Children's Well-Being (ISCWeB) que inclui três escalas psicométricas: Overall Live Satisfaction (OLS), Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS) e Personal Well-Being Index (PWI) utilizadas como Abstract Subjective well-being is an essential component of quality of life. Little is known about subjective well-being of children and even less about vulnerable groups such as adolescents in care. This paper aims at studying how the child protection system influences the subjective well-being of the adolescents in care on th...

Young Teenagers’ Views Regarding Residential Care in Portugal and Spain: A Qualitative Study

“…That desire may express the devotion and need to be linked with their families and an ambiguous loss that attachment theory can explain (Bolbwy 1951), or maybe residential centres do not provide a consistent alternative in this matter, because caregivers' changes and shifts rotation may originate a sense of uprooting. Llosada-Gistau et al (2017) highlighted the importance for adolescents at risk of the relationship with educators, a key factor of resilience.…”

“…In Catalonia (Spain), Llosada-Gistau et al (2017) demonstrated how adolescents living in residential care reported lower SWB in all life domains when compared to those in foster care (kinship and non-kinship). Variables that might have an influence on their subjective well-being, include their interpersonal relationships, particularly with friends, and the possibility of being involved in decision-making processes.…”

Why Place Matters in Residential Care: the Mediating Role of Place Attachment in the Relation Between Adolescents’ Rights and Psychological Well-Being

“…Exploratory analyses were performed before the mediation models (i.e., descriptive, mean differences and correlation analysis) considering that previous evidence revealed a set of differences on children's rights, well-being and bonding to the place according to gender, age and time in residential care (Dinisman et al, 2012;Llosada-Gistau et al, 2017a;Llosada-Gistau et al, 2017b; Uyan-Semerci, Erdogan, Akkan, Muderrisoglu & Karatay, 2017). Based on our results from these exploratory analyses, these sociodemographic variables were controlled for in the mediation analysis.…”

“…Not only do these young people show more complex risk factors and difficulties (e.g., special education needs), compared to foster children (Llosada-Gistau et al, 2017b), but also their psychological functioning seems to be poorest. Worse subjective well-being is reported by young people in residential care, compared with children in other out-of-home placements (Llosada-Gistau, Montserrat & Casas, 2017a;Llosada-Gistau et al, 2017b). Also, young people in residential care report lower levels of subjective and psychological wellbeing compared with their peers in the family (Crous, 2017;Dinisman, et al, 2012;Llosada-Gistau, Montserrat & Casas, 2015).…”

“…The literature about young people's well-being has been largely focused on adolescents in normative contexts of development (Casas et al, 2018;Scannell et al, 2016), but less evidence exists with young people in care (Dinisman, et al, 2012;Llosada-Gistau et al, 2015;Llosada-Gistau et al, 2017b). The literature with young people in residential care tends to be focused on psychopathology (Attar-Schwartz, 2009;Erol, Simsek & Munir, 2010) and even when well-being is explored, most of these studies are focused on subjective well-being (Llosada-Gistau et al, 2015;Llosada-Gistau et al, 2017a) with few exceptions looking at psychological well-being (Crous, 2017). Despite the widely recognized contribution of the hedonic research (subjective well-being) to the literature, a complete understanding about optimal psychological functioning and self-actualization is merely provided by an eudaimonic perspective (Delle Fave, Massimini & Bassi, 2011;Ryff & Keyes, 1995).…”