Comorbid psychiatric disorders among patients with narcolepsy

Alasim, Haithm; AlQazlan, Salman; Albanyan, Saleh; Alsalhi, Abdulaziz; Buraik, Alwalid; Olaish, Awad H; Almeneessier, Aljohara S.; Alosaimi, Fahad D.; AlHadi, Ahmad N.; BaHammam, Ahmed S.

doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01890-8

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Anxiety 3,12,42,85,87,93 Studies show a striking presence of anxiety symptoms or even disorders, with generalized anxiety being the most studied. The unpredictability and uncontrollability of symptoms such as EDS or cataplexy can make people develop social anxieties and specific phobias may arise from the frightening character hallucinations can have.…”

Section: Symptom or Disorder Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mood disorders 3,12,85,86,[91][92][93][94][95][96] Mood symptoms or disorders are frequently reported by narcolepsy patients. Studies have indicated that 30-50% of patients were diagnosed with a mood disorder before the diagnosis of narcolepsy.…”

Section: Symptom or Disorder Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies report strikingly high comorbidity of psychiatric symptoms in narcolepsy, which is thought to be an important factor in the delay in diagnosis (see Table 3 for an overview). 3 , 84 , 85 Mood symptoms and disorders often occur, and an increased risk of suicide has been reported. 3 , 86 Moreover, anxiety disorders seem particularly common, especially social phobias and panic attacks.…”

Section: Psychiatric Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is suggested that the undiagnosed symptoms of narcolepsy cause high levels of anxiety which might even further delay diagnosis. Mood disorders 3 , 12 , 85 , 86 , 91–96 Mood symptoms or disorders are frequently reported by narcolepsy patients. Studies have indicated that 30–50% of patients were diagnosed with a mood disorder before the diagnosis of narcolepsy.…”

Section: Psychiatric Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, it was even found that almost 25% of narcolepsy type 1 patients fulfilled the criteria for a clinical eating disorder. Suicidality 85 , 86 , 102–104 Several studies show an increased risk of suicide in patients with narcolepsy, but the underlying relationship is complex. Sleep disturbances and EDS have been shown to be risk factors for suicide and lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin have been observed in depressed patients with suicidal behavior.…”

Section: Psychiatric Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Recognizing the Symptom Spectrum of Narcolepsy to Improve Timely Diagnosis: A Narrative Review

Quaedackers¹,

Pillen²,

Overeem³

2021

NSS

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder with a strong negative impact on quality of life, especially when untreated. Diagnostic delay is a persistent problem, with obvious detrimental effects on patients. A diagnosis of narcolepsy may be delayed because of its broad symptom presentation which is much more encompassing than the classical "tetrad" of sleepiness, cataplexy, hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Furthermore, symptoms can vary over time. Presentation of symptoms can also be markedly different between children and adults. Finally, common sleep-related comorbidities increase the risk of narcolepsy being masked by overlapping symptoms or treatment. In this review, we provide a detailed description of the broad and dynamic symptom spectrum of narcolepsy, with specific attention to the different manifestations in both adults and children. The overarching goal is to help not only sleep specialists, but general practitioners, pediatricians, and other caregivers with early recognition and prompt diagnosis of this severe but treatable disorder.

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