Compact and Low-Cost Optical Fiber Respiratory Monitoring Sensor Based on Intensity Interrogation

Kam, Wern; Mohammed, Waleed S.; Leen, Gabriel; O’Keeffe, Mary; O’Sullivan, Kieran; O'Keeffe, Sinéad; Lewis, Elfed

doi:10.1109/jlt.2017.2749499

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Wi-Fi, radio frequency, or Zigbee were used in a limited number of studies [ 73 , 96 , 144 , 156 , 159 ]. Regarding wired transmission, third column of Table 4 shows that USB communication was the preferred option [ 74 , 76 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 109 , 114 , 118 , 133 , 141 , 158 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These modules are energy demanding, and therefore the use of energy harvesters can only be used as a complement, but not as the primary power source. In this regard, many studies [ 2 , 3 , 17 , 62 , 65 , 73 , 84 , 86 , 87 , 89 , 91 , 98 , 99 , 101 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 119 , 131 , 144 , 145 , 147 , 162 ] used rechargeable batteries to power the systems. The most common declared battery lives were in the order of hours ( Figure 23 ) [ 2 , 17 , 62 , 69 , 101 , 115 , 119 ], although some studies did not even provide data on this point.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the duration of the experiments, most of the studies carried out short experiments of a few minutes. In fact, 58% of the studies performed tests of less than 5 minutes [ 69 , 70 , 81 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 96 , 100 , 102 , 104 , 111 , 125 , 136 , 161 , 163 , 165 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 193 , 195 , 196 , 200 , 212 , 215 , 221 , 228 , 229 , 232 ]. Most of the works that conducted longer tests included sleep studies [ 7 , 17 , 53 , 60 , 115 , 146 , 148 , 164 , 165 , 169 , 173 , 192 , 198 , 205 , 211 , 220 , 223 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sensing Systems for Respiration Monitoring: A Technical Systematic Review

Vanegas

Igual

Plaza

2020

Sensors

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Respiratory monitoring is essential in sleep studies, sport training, patient monitoring, or health at work, among other applications. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of respiration sensing systems. After several systematic searches in scientific repositories, the 198 most relevant papers in this field were analyzed in detail. Different items were examined: sensing technique and sensor, respiration parameter, sensor location and size, general system setup, communication protocol, processing station, energy autonomy and power consumption, sensor validation, processing algorithm, performance evaluation, and analysis software. As a result, several trends and the remaining research challenges of respiration sensors were identified. Long-term evaluations and usability tests should be performed. Researchers designed custom experiments to validate the sensing systems, making it difficult to compare results. Therefore, another challenge is to have a common validation framework to fairly compare sensor performance. The implementation of energy-saving strategies, the incorporation of energy harvesting techniques, the calculation of volume parameters of breathing, or the effective integration of respiration sensors into clothing are other remaining research efforts. Addressing these and other challenges outlined in the paper is a required step to obtain a feasible, robust, affordable, and unobtrusive respiration sensing system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sensing Systems for Respiration Monitoring: A Technical Systematic Review

Vanegas

Igual

Plaza

2020

Sensors

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“…The POF-based sensors present some advantages such as the absence of electrical interference, and good flexibility [33]. More recently, Wern et al [34] integrated into a carrier fabric highly flexible POFs that react to applied pressure to form a wearable sensing system (Figure 2g,h). Other types of optical fiber that have been implemented in the wearable sensor include: fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [35], macro-bending of single-mode fiber [36], and notched side-ablated POF on a fabric substrate [37].…”

Section: Smart Textile Biosensors and Physical Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(e) Silicone conductive polymer straps (top); and (f) a prototype which consists of two sensors [29]. (g) Prototype of the POF sensor (top) placed on human body for breath detection (bottom); and (h) normalized respiration signals of four subjects for both conventional respiratory sensor and POF sensor [34].…”

Section: Smart Textile Biosensors and Physical Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Generation Wearable Antenna Based on Multimaterial Fiber for Wireless Communication and Real-Time Breath Detection

et al. 2018

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Smart textiles and wearable antennas along with broadband mobile technologies have empowered the wearable sensors for significant impact on the future of digital health care. Despite the recent development in this field, challenges related to lack of accuracy, reliability, user’s comfort, rigid form and challenges in data analysis and interpretation have limited their wide-scale application. Therefore, the necessity of developing a new reliable and user friendly approach to face these problems is more than urgent. In this paper, a new generation of wearable antenna is presented, and its potential use as a contactless and non-invasive sensor for human breath detection is demonstrated. The antenna is made from multimaterial fiber designed for short-range wireless network applications at 2.4 GHz frequency. The used composite metal-glass-polymer fibers permits their integration into a textile without compromising comfort or restricting movement of the user due to their high flexibility, and shield efficiently the antenna from the environmental perturbation. The multimaterial fiber approach provided a good radio-frequency emissive properties, while preserving the mechanical and cosmetic properties of the garments. With a smart textile featuring a spiral shape fiber antenna placed on a human chest, a significant shift of the operating frequency of the antenna was observed during the breathing process. The frequency shift is caused by the deformation of the antenna geometry due to the chest expansion, and to the modification of the dielectric properties of the chest during the breath. We demonstrate experimentally that the standard wireless networks, which measure the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) via standard Bluetooth protocol, can be used to reliably detect human breathing and estimate the breathing rate in real time. The mobile platform takes the form of a wearable stretching T-shirt featuring a sensor and a detection base station. The sensor is formed by a spiral-shaped antenna connected to a compact Bluetooth transmitter. Breathing patterns were recorded in the case of female and male volunteers. Although the chest anatomy of females and males is different compared, the sensor’s flexibility allowed recording successfully a breathing rate of 0.3 Hz for the female and 0.5 Hz for the male, which corresponds to a breathing rate of 21 breaths per minutes (bpm) and 30 bpm, respectively.

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