Compact and Performance Evaluation of Branch-Line Hybrid Coupler Microstrip for Long Term Evolution Applications

Abstract

Abstract-This paper presents a study and analysis of a high performance microstrip branch-line 3 dB hybrid coupler (BLHC) operating at 2.2 GHz for Long Term Evolution (LTE) application. High and low impedance meander lines are used to miniaturize the conventional Branch Line Hybrid Coupler. A prototype of the proposed coupler is fabricated and tested using a Rohde and Schwarz ZVB 20 vector network analyzer. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones.

Design and Development of Miniaturized Meander Line Based Branch-Line Quadrature Hybrid Coupler for Enhanced Performance in Indigenous 1.5T Mri Rf Coils

“…The proposed coupler is designed to use in two-way balanced Amplitude feeding and phase shift applications. The designed coupler structure is fabricated and tested in the lab, and the practical results are found to be well consistent with the simulated ones [1].…”

“…For conventional branch line hybrid coupler physical dimensions with respect to wavelength (λ) were difficult to implement, hence we opted for meander line technique. To obtain the equivalent inductance of meander line, the overall inductance of each segment is calculated by taking into account of all segment's self-inductance and mutual inductances between all combinations of straight segments [1]. The expression for self-inductance of meander line segment as in Figure3 is as follows [1]:…”

“…To obtain the equivalent inductance of meander line, the overall inductance of each segment is calculated by taking into account of all segment's self-inductance and mutual inductances between all combinations of straight segments [1]. The expression for self-inductance of meander line segment as in Figure3 is as follows [1]:…”

“…As an example, consider the meander inductor geometry shown in Figure 3. By the sum of the self-inductance of all the individual conductive segments, total self-inductance of meander line is calculated [1].…”

“…Hence, RF coils required In-phase and Quadrature phase feeding which is achieved by Quadrature Hybrid Coupler (-3dB). Quadrature hybrids are -3 dB directional couplers with a 90° phase difference in the outputs of the through and coupled arms and are the most passive component that finds various applications in modern microwave and millimeter communication systems [1].…”