Compact low driving voltage (<400 mV _pp ) electro‐absorption modulator laterally integrated with VCSEL

Abstract

An ultra-compact (8 µm long) electro-absorption modulator is presented which is laterally integrated with a 980 nm InGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser incorporating a bow-tie-shaped oxide aperture. A low driving voltage operation below 400 mV pp for a dynamic extinction ratio of 6 dB and a large signal modulation of up to 25 Gbit/s is demonstrated. The static extinction ratio of over 6 dB can be obtained by applying an extremely low voltage of −200 mV.

Electroabsorption‐modulated laser as optical transmitter and receiver: status and opportunities

“…Fig. 4 b shows that a static light extinction () of up to 9 dB can be obtained for a rather low swing of 1 V pp in terms of EAM bias voltage, at the bias point of −1.4 V. State‐of‐the‐art work has demonstrated record values of 65 mV pp per decibel of intensity extinction ratio [46]. Moreover, large modulation bandwidths in the range of 100 GHz have been reported [7].…”

Photonic Add-Drop-Gate Node Element Based on EML Technology

“…EMLs are well understood for optical signal transmission and therefore this aspect is not explicitly repeated in this work. Their large electro-optic bandwidth of more than 100 GHz [18] and their low drive of 65 mV pp per dB of modulation extinction ratio [19] render EMLs as cost-and energy-efficient optical transmitters that are well suited for metro-access and datacenter applications. EML modulation results in doublesideband signals, which is to be taken into consideration for the coherent signal reception intended in this work.…”

Advances and new functions of VCSEL photonics

“…We proposed and demonstrated a novel lateral integration scheme of a VCSEL and slow light waveguide modulator/ amplifier. 41,42) The proposed scheme enables us to realize high coupling efficiencies and to avoid instability due to optical feedback.…”

“…We proposed and demonstrated the lateral integration scheme. [40][41][42] A VCSEL structure can be used as an optical waveguide in the lateral direction, which is called as a Bragg reflector waveguide. 43) Slow light can be seen in Bragg reflector waveguides with their large waveguide dispersion.…”