Comparable analysis of PID controller settings in order to ensure reliable operation of active foil bearings

Witanowski, Łukasz; Breńkacz, Łukasz; Szewczuk-Krypa, Natalia; Dorosińska-Komor, Marta; Puchalski, Bartosz

doi:10.17531/ein.2022.2.19

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…One polymeric material of key importance in technology is polyamide, not only because of its performance characteristics but also because of the large number of plants producing such plastics, which translates into availability and competitive pricing. Parts made of this material are widely used in mechanical engineering and in the automotive industry [ 28 ], and these include bushings and plain bearings, friction inserts, support and guide wheels, conveyor rollers, manipulator pulleys, wheel and roller bushings, pulleys and pulley liners (coatings), cams, spring washers, hammers, scrapers, sprockets, sprocket teeth, sealing rings, pull bolts, star crosses, cutting and chopping plates, insulators, and others. Our own tests were focused on applications involving dry sliding friction, hydrothermal friction, and cooperation with metal components.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of the Tribological Properties of Polymer Materials with Similar Shore Hardness Working in Metal–Polymer Friction Systems

et al. 2023

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This article presents comparative tests of contact strength and tribological wear resistance of polymer sliding materials of the polyamide group. The aim of this work was to study Shore hardness, indentation hardness, modulus, creep, relaxation, Martens hardness and sliding wear resistance of two commercial materials. One of these materials was produced with the recycling process in mind. Abrasion tests were performed against a stainless-steel ball (100CRr6) on a normal load of 5 N for 23,830 friction cycles. The samples were tested under dry friction conditions and taking into account the hydrothermal factor, the presence of which was assumed in the anticipated operating conditions. It was distilled water at a temperature of 50 °C. The volumetric wear of the samples under various environmental conditions was assessed and related to the mechanical properties, in particular, Shore hardness. This mechanical size, which characterizes the surface, was considered the most frequently used by engineers selecting polymeric materials for tribological applications in industry. The Shore hardness of both materials was similar, which may indicate similar tribological performance properties. However, research and analysis indicate the need to use measures that directly correspond to tribological wear. The friction and wear of both materials varied. The coefficient of friction in hydrothermal conditions was lower and the wear was higher than in the dry friction test. It seems that it was not hardness that determined the suitability in the anticipated operating conditions, but the ability to form a sliding layer on the friction surface. The properties of the material that has been envisaged as a replacement may be appropriate for the intended uses.

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Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of the Tribological Properties of Polymer Materials with Similar Shore Hardness Working in Metal–Polymer Friction Systems

et al. 2023

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“…In view of the large impact force value in the case of eccentricity mentioned above, such high impact force exists objectively because the eccentricity error is unavoidable in actual manufacturing or the high-speed rotation of the motor-driven rotor [34]. This can reduce the axial impact force of the rotor by improving the rotor operating condition parameters and the structural parameters of the protective bearing, such as axial protection clearance, rotor dynamic balance accuracy, the number of ball fillings in the bearing, whether there is a cage or not, and changing the ring material, which will be a very meaningful study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric Rotor Drop Dynamics Study of Vertical Maglev Bearing System

et al. 2023

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When considering the problem of a vertical magnetic levitation bearing system, the rotor eccentric fall is more likely to cause the failure of the protective bearing. In this paper, a rotor drop collision model and a protective bearing dynamics model are constructed. It compares and analyzes the evolution of collision force values of the rotor eccentric drop as well as the non-eccentric drop. Further, this paper discusses the law of influence of three factors, rotor quality, rotational speed, and axial protection clearance, on the collision characteristics of the protected bearing in eccentric and non-eccentric cases. It has also experimentally verified this characteristic of rotor speed. The results show that compared with the non-eccentric condition, the axial impact force and radial impact forces of the rotor in the eccentric condition increase by 14% and 114%, respectively. Compared with the non-eccentric condition, with the increase in rotor quality, the axial and radial impact force increase by 68% on average, and the axial depth amplitude of the rotor increases by 350%. With the increase of rotor speed, the axial impact force without an eccentric drop is basically unchanged; the axial impact force of an eccentric drop increases slightly, and the radial impact force increases by 110%. With the increase of axial protection clearance, the radial displacement vibration of the rotor axis increases; the average increase of the maximum axial force is 120 N, and the average increase of the maximum radial force is 100%.

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“…For example, it can be divided into two parts, with a single main actuator (as shown in paper No. [30]). Another solution is to divide the active foil bearing into several parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Linear Actuators for Active Foil Bearings

et al. 2022

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Active foil bearings are a kind of gas foil bearing. They contain actuators which allow for modification of the bearing sleeve size and the shape of the lubrication gap. Rotor vibrations can be actively controlled by these changes. It is possible, among other things, to reduce the starting torque, control the vibration amplitude at different speeds and improve operational safety. Prototypes of active foil bearings are being developed based on different mechanical concepts. This paper provides an analysis of the linear mechanisms that are the base, and they are crucial for such developments. In the literature, there is a lack of characteristics of these actuators tested under real operating conditions of an active foil bearing. This article aims to fill this gap. New test rigs have been developed and used to precisely investigate the possibility of using actuators in active foil bearings. Since their geometry and control methods differ, the measurement systems have been adapted accordingly. The actuators studied were piezoelectrics, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) and stepper motors. Each of them was characterized by different operating characteristics. The results obtained allow for a comparison of the actuators. This approach is especially useful for the design and analysis of active foil bearings.

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Comparable analysis of PID controller settings in order to ensure reliable operation of active foil bearings

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

Comparative Evaluation of the Tribological Properties of Polymer Materials with Similar Shore Hardness Working in Metal–Polymer Friction Systems

Comparative Evaluation of the Tribological Properties of Polymer Materials with Similar Shore Hardness Working in Metal–Polymer Friction Systems

Eccentric Rotor Drop Dynamics Study of Vertical Maglev Bearing System

Research on Linear Actuators for Active Foil Bearings

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