Comparative Analysis for Science,Technology and Innovation Policy; Lessons Learned from Some Selected Countries (Brazil, India, China, South Korea and South Africa) for Other LdCs Like Iran

Abstract

Having recognized the importance of designing Science, Technology and Innovation policies (STIP), many Less Developed Countries (LDCs) such as Iran have nowadays attempt to reshape their STI policies. The policy makers of LDCs like Iran can adopt and design suitable strategies learning from the successful experiences of prosperous nations. This paper performs a comparative analysis of STI policies of some successful countries in managing their technological change. This is mostly due to the fact that the other LDCs can draw valuable lessons from these success stories which in turn can also contribute to success in their own short and long term development. Firstly, the empirical experiences of some successful nations namely (Brazil, India, China, South Africa and South Korea) will be studied. The empirical experience in STI policymaking will be surveyed. The most critical success factors contributed mostly to their management of STI policies will also be compared. Finally, a general framework of STI policymaking drawing from the experiences of these countries will be proposed for other LDCs like Iran.

Indigenous Brazilian Management Practices

“…Thus, the GLOBE proposal came to help in the study of the managerial practices labeled dominant, or dominant, by the comparative management academy. In what is referred to as the Brazilian context of studies about cultural values and characteristics (Barbosa, 1992;Da Matta, 1997;Freyre, 1984;Motta, 1997;Ramos, 1989;Salami, Soltanzadeh, 2012) eight local values dimensions were identified as influencing Brazilian managerial practices listed in Table 1 as follows (Chu and Wood, 2008;Machado-da-Silva and Oliveira, 2001).…”

The Relationship between Eco-Innovation and Business Performance in Mexican SMEs

“…Therefore, it is possible to consider that eco-innovation is based on the perspective of evolution of innovation (Dosi et al, 1988;Arthur, 1994;Nelson & Winter, 2002;Witt, 2009), in which the innovation is developed through systematic processes that have a strong link and interaction, among the different external and internal factors of the organization (Carrillo-Hermosilla et al, 2009). Accordingly, it is important to mention that managers of enterprises, especially those of SMEs, do not normally have an environmental motivation that allows them the adoption and implementation of eco-innovation activities, but when they realize about the environmental and business results obtained by the eco-innovation, their perception changes and they are willing to make changes in the organization for the development of eco-innovation (Edwards-Schachter et al, 2011;Gehani, 2011;Dalmarco et al, 2011;Balbinot et al, 2012;Salami & Soltanzadeh, 2012). Thus, the benefits for SMEs in the implementation of eco-innovation include the decrease of use of water, emission of pollutants, improvement of environmental conditions, social responsibility and a significant increase in business performance (Weng & Li, 2011).…”

Technological Extension Networks and Regional Development: A Case Study In Brazil

“…After a long period without elaborating explicit industrial and technologic policies, the Brazilian government decided to support the development of the national innovation system in the 21 st century, following the trend of other developing countries (Salami and Soltanzadeh, 2012;Chaurasia and Bhikajee, 2016). The Growth Acceleration Program (PAC 1 ) was founded in 2007, and was articulated with the Action Plan of Science, Technology and Innovation for National Development during 2007-2010(PACTI 2007-2010.…”