Comparative Analysis of Commercially Available Typhoid Point-of-Care Tests: Results of a Prospective and Hybrid Retrospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Kenya and Pakistan

Background The incidence of typhoid fever is increasing in Egypt. The Widal test is the evaluation most widely used in Egypt for diagnosis, but it has many drawbacks; therefore, new diagnostic tools are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the onsite typhoid IgG/IgM combo rapid test in diagnosing typhoid fever. Method Blood specimens were collected from 90 patients (of all ages) who presented with fever of more than 4 days’ duration. The OnSite Combo test and the Widal test were performed for all patients. Results The OnSite Combo test results were positive in approximately 24% of all patients; the Widal test results were positive in 18.9%; and typhoid was diagnosed through blood culture in 32.2%. The OnSite Combo test had 72.4% sensitivity, 98.4% specificity, a positive predictive value of 95.5%, and a negative predictive value of 88.2%. In contrast, the Widal test had 51.7% sensitivity, 69.7% specificity, a positive predictive value of 88.2%, and a negative predictive value of 80.8%. Conclusions The onsite combo test was more efficacious than the Widal test in diagnosing typhoid fever.

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“…In contrast study done by Sapcota et al [15] Combo test have low sensitivity and specificity which goes against our results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Use of onsite typhoid IgG/IgM combo test as rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever

Mohamed

Ebeid

Abdel-Latif

et al. 2023

Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci

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“…Moreover, the geographical heterogeneous nature of typhoid fever burden might also contribute to the difference observed (Marchello et al, 2019). Contrarily, a lower incidence of culture-confirmed typhoid fever case was reported in Nigeria (5%) by Gambo et al (2017), in Kenya (4.8%) by Jyotshna et al (2022), in countries (2%) by Gupta et al (2013), and Laos (1.5%) by Robert et al (2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Among Febrile Patients in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Faruku,

Sarkinfada,

Hafiz

et al. 2024

dujopas

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Typhoid fever is a life-threatening public health disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. The disease is a significant health concern in underdeveloped and most developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa (including Nigeria). The study was aimed at determining the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with typhoid fever among febrile patients attending three selected hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria. A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 406 febrile patients suspected of typhoid fever aged 1-70 years (mean age 34 years) in three selected health facilities of Kebbi State, Nigeria from February2021 to October, 2021. Approximately 20 ml and 10 ml of venous blood was collected from adults and children respectively. Blood culture and biochemical tests were carried out. Patients were administered structured questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice toward the disease. Data obtained from respondents was analysed by descriptive statistics. In this study, the culture identified Salmonella Typhi prevalence of typhoid fever among febrile study subjects in Kebbi State was 6.4%. A higher prevalence was recorded among males (7.5%) than in females (5.0%) participants. Patients within the age range of 11- 20 years had the highest prevalence (14.8%), those with informal education recorded 11.2%. It was observed that rural area dwellers had higher prevalence (9.4%). Out of 26 isolates, 25 were susceptible to cefotaxime, 11 isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate antibiotics. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is an important and common cause of febrile illness in our population. Lack of good quality drinking water in rural areas has a greater impact on the burden of typhoid fever among study participants. Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin therapy are suitable treatments for typhoid fever. The identification of sociodemographic characteristics associated with the disease are of great importance in providing holistic preventive approach and control strategies of the disease.

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“…The results of a recent study that assessed the performance of commercially available rapid typhoid diagnostic tests highlighted a lack of these tests. 5 The same study served as the basis of a data dossier submitted to the World Health Organization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on in vitro diagnostics. The goal was to recommend against the use of these tests and prevent unnecessary use of typhoid rapid diagnostics in high-endemic settings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Better diagnostic tools needed to distinguish typhoid from other causes of acute febrile illness

Shakoor,

Dittrich

2023

Bull World Health Org

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Comparative Analysis of Commercially Available Typhoid Point-of-Care Tests: Results of a Prospective and Hybrid Retrospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Kenya and Pakistan

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Use of onsite typhoid IgG/IgM combo test as rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever

Use of onsite typhoid IgG/IgM combo test as rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever

Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Among Febrile Patients in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Better diagnostic tools needed to distinguish typhoid from other causes of acute febrile illness

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