Comparative Analysis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Levels in Pre-Term and Term Babies Delivered at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Abstract

Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is an enzyme in the hexose monophosphate shunt required for the production of reducing equivalents needed to mop up free radicals. thereby keeping hemoglobin in its free state. Deficiency of the enzyme can cause severe neonatal jaundice. The aim of this study was to compare G6PD levels in pre-term and term babies, and evaluate the extent to which G6PD deficiency determines the severity of jaundice in various gestational age groups. Samples of cord blood collected from consecutively delivered babies in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, were assayed for G6PD levels, and the babies were observed for jaundice during the first week of life. Those who developed jaundice had serial serum bilirubin measured. Nine hundred and thirty-three babies had G6PD assayed, with 348 being G6PD deficient, giving a hospital based prevalence of 37.3%. Of the 644 who were followed up, 143 (22.2%) were pre-term and 501(77.8%) were term babies. Babies with gestational age (GA) 27–29 weeks had the highest G6PD levels. However, there was no significant variation among the different gestational age groups (F=0.64, P=0.64). Jaundice occurred more in pre-term compared to term babies with a relative risk of 2.41 (χ2=60.95, P=0.00001). Occurrence of jaundice in pre-term babies was irrespective of G6PD status (χ2=0.2, P=0.66, RR=1.09, CI=0.83<RR<1.43). There is an inverse relationship between gestational age and the occurrence of jaundice (R2=-0.874). Pre-term babies are more likely to have higher G6PD levels, but occurrence of jaundice in pre-term babies is irrespective of G6PD status. More severe jaundice (especially for gestational age) occurring in pre-term babies requires critical care.

Evaluation of neonatal jaundice in the Makkah region

“…As the gene encoding the G6PD enzyme is located on the X chromosome, females should have higher G6PD enzyme levels than males (because females have two copies of the X chromosome per cell). However, because of lyonization, enzyme levels in the female are not appreciably higher than in males 26 . In those with early onset jaundice, 2 females had higher G6PD enzymatic activity (more than 150% of the level of the control group).…”

Newborn screening and diagnosis for Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency at Danang Hospital for Women and Children

“…Chunyun Fu đã sàng lọc G6PD 130.635 trẻ sơ sinh ở Trung Quốc bằng phương pháp huỳnh quang trên hệ thống AutoDelfia như chúng tôi, nhưng kết quả cho thấy hoạt độ enzyme trung bình thấp hơn chúng tôi, 4,837 ± 1,603 IU/gHb [12]. Một nghiên cứu của Quách Xuân Hinh (năm 2009) cho thấy hoạt độ enzyme G6PD có sự khác biệt giữa các dân tộc Việt Nam, trong đó dân tộc Kinh là 8,45 ± 0,92 UI/ gHb, dân tộc Thái là 9,26 ± 1,17 UI/gHb, dân tộc Gia Rai là 9,18 ± 01,23 UI/gHb [13].…”