Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Compositions and Trace Elements of Inonotus hispidus Mushroom Grown on Five Different Tree Species

Abstract

Inonotus hispidus is a popular edible and medicinal mushroom widely used in China. I. hispidus mushroom mainly grows on five different tree species ( Morus alba L., Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Ziziphus jujuba Mill., and Malus pumila Mill.), and their fruiting bodies were all separately used in the market. However, there is no holistic insight to elucidate the molecular basis of the differentiated usage. This study aimed to investigate and compare the metabolite compositions and trace elements in I. hispidus grown on five different tree species. The metabolomic data, 8 kinds of principal components and 12 kinds of trace elements, were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the same 1353 metabolites were identified in I. hispidus grown on five different tree species, but the relative abundance was different. The principal components and trace elements contents are different, for example, polysaccharides, phenol metabolites, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, and Mn were enriched in I. hispidus grown on M. alba , the flavonoids were enriched in Z. jujuba samples, and the steroids, terpenoids, and Zn were enriched in M. pumila samples . Further, the KEGG enrichment pathway and metabolic models were established. These findings provide a molecular basis for the unique use of the I. hispidus mushroom grown on different tree species.

High potential extracts from cocoa byproducts through sonotrode optimal extraction and a comprehensive characterization

“…On the other hand, some compounds not identified in previous works were iditol, hydroxyjasmonic acid sulfate (isomer 1 and 2), dihydrojasmonic acid sulfate, norwedelolactone, and hedysarimcoumestan F ( Table 3 ). The negative ionization pattern indicated that peak 1 was tentatively identified as iditol, with a molecular ion [M − H] − at m / z 181.0735, corresponding to the molecular formula C 6 H 14 O 6 , confirmed by characteristic ions ( m / z 163, 101, 89, 73, and 59), also detected in Inonotus hispidus mushroom [35] , and Daucus carota . In addition, Megías-Pérez et al [36] noted that the cocoa bean fermentation process is five to six days, and an extended time could lead to the development of undesirable molds.…”

Changes of Active Substances in Ganoderma lucidum during Different Growth Periods and Analysis of Their Molecular Mechanism

“…Metabolomics offers a comprehensive approach to elucidating the intricate chemical composition of G. lucidum [ 12 ]. Xia et al used a metabolomics approach and determined that ganoderic acid distribution was higher at the bottom of the cap mediostratum layer and in the stipe shell and context layers at the young bud stage, but did not reveal other material changes and molecular mechanisms [ 13 ].…”

Genomic comparison between two Inonotus hispidus strains isolated from growing in different tree species

“…Historically, MA has been used as “ Sanghuang ” in both “The Ancient Course of the Yellow River” and southern Xinjiang regions. The types and enrichment degrees of chemical metabolites in the fruiting bodies of I. hispidus growing in five different tree species were reported to be significantly different using non-targeted metabolomics ( Li and Bao, 2022b ).…”