Comparative analysis of methods for determining the clothing surface temperature (tcl) in order to provide a balance between man and the environment

Broday, Evandro Eduardo; Xavier, Antônio Augusto de Paula; Oliveira, Reginaldo de

doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2016.12.002

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…where I cl is the clothing insulation, defined as "the thermal insulation from the skin surface to the outer clothing surface (considering enclosed air layers)", [clo], where Fanger's experimental studies, based on the thermal balance model, have an important advantage by controlling all environmental parameters. The field studies developed later had shown the same purpose, namely, thermal comfort is obtained when the body temperature is maintained with the lowest effort of physiologic regulation [53].…”

Section: Fanger One-dimensional Modelmentioning

confidence: 95%

Models and Indicators to Assess Thermal Sensation Under Steady-State and Transient Conditions

Enescu

2019

Energies

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The assessment of thermal sensation is the first stage of many studies aimed at addressing thermal comfort and at establishing the related criteria used in indoor and outdoor environments. The study of thermal sensation requires suitable modelling of the human body, taking into account the factors that affect the physiological and psychological reactions that occur under different environmental conditions. These aspects are becoming more and more relevant in the present context in which thermal sensation and thermal comfort are represented as objectives or constraints in a wider range of problems referring to the living environment. This paper first considers the models of the human body used in steady-state and transient conditions. Starting from the conceptual formulations of the heat balance equations, this paper follows the evolution occurred during the years to refine the models. This evolution is also marked by the availability of increasingly higher computational capability that enabled the researchers developing transient models with a growing level of detail and accuracy, and by the validation of the models through experimental studies that exploit advanced technologies. The paper then provides an overview of the indicators used to characterise the local and overall thermal sensation, indicating the relations with local and overall thermal comfort.

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Section: Fanger One-dimensional Modelmentioning

confidence: 95%

Models and Indicators to Assess Thermal Sensation Under Steady-State and Transient Conditions

Enescu

2019

Energies

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“…The index is used both for evaluation in existing buildings and in building simulations for the prediction of thermal comfort levels [34]. The lack of clear information in technical Standards and wrong interpretations of the standards [29,[35][36][37] result in increased inaccuracy in its calculation. This also applies to microclimatic dataloggers provided with built-in software.…”

Section: Aim Of the Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty Years of PMV Model: Reliability, Implementation and Design of Software for Its Calculation

Alfano

Olesen²,

Palella

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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In most countries, PMV is the reference index for the assessment of thermal comfort conditions in mechanically conditioned environments. It is also the basis to settle input values of the operative temperature for heating and cooling load calculations, sizing of equipment, and energy calculations according to EN 16798-1 and 16798-2 Standards. Over the years, great effort has been spent to study the reliability of PMV, whereas few investigations were addressed to its calculation. To study this issue, the most significant apps devoted to its calculation have been compared with a reference software compliant with EN ISO 7730 and the well-known ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool. It has been revealed that only few apps consider all six variables responsible for the thermal comfort. Relative air velocity is not considered by ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool and, finally, the correction of basic insulation values due to body movements introduced by EN ISO 7730 and EN ISO 9920 Standards has only been considered in one case. This implies that most software and apps for the calculation of PMV index should be used with special care, especially by unexperienced users. This applies to both research and application fields.Atmosphere 2020, 11, 49 2 of 14 buildings addressing IEQ, whereas EN 16798-2 explains how to use EN 16798-1 by specifying additional information as: (i) input parameters for building system design and energy performance calculations; (ii) methods for long term evaluation of the indoor environment; (iii) criteria for measurements which can be used if required to measure compliance by inspection; (iv) parameters to be used by monitoring and displaying the indoor environment in existing buildings. With reference to thermal comfort, EN 16798-1 suggests specific design ranges of operative temperature consistent with the desired level of environmental quality (see Table 1). Table 1. Temperature ranges for hourly calculation of cooling and heating energy for some indoor environment (Category II) according to EN 16798-1 and EN 16798-2 Standards [11,12]. Resultant insulation values I cl,r to be used [6] are 0.5 clo (cooling) and 1.0 clo (heating). Type of Building SpaceOperative Temperature Range for Heating ( • C) Operative Temperature Range for Cooling ( • C) Offices and spaces with similar activity (single offices, open plan offices, conference rooms, auditorium, cafeteria, restaurants, and classrooms). Sedentary activity: M = 1.2 met 20.0-24.0 23.0-26.0 Department store Standing-walking activity: M = 1.6 met 16.0-22.0 21.0-25.0

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“…Wearing full-body PPC and PPE hinders heat removal and so stimulates and increases heat stress as a result of thermal insulation and evaporative resistance [ 1 , 2 , 9 , 10 ]. Both heat stress and the strain resulting from it are influenced by individual factors [ 7 , 11 , 12 ], such as age, health, and fitness level [ 9 , 13 ], and may lead to subsequent health problems, such as exhaustion, dehydration, mental confusion, and loss of consciousness [ 8 , 10 , 14 ]. This may affect productivity and risk perception and may cause safety problems [ 10 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Wearable Non-Invasive Thermometer for Monitoring Ear Canal Temperature during Physically Demanding (Outdoor) Work

Roossien

Hodselmans

Heus

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Aimed at preventing heat strain, health problems, and absenteeism among workers with physically demanding occupations, a continuous, accurate, non-invasive measuring system may help such workers monitor their body (core) temperature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and explore the usability of the wearable non-invasive Cosinuss° °Temp thermometer. Ear canal temperature was monitored in 49 workers in real-life working conditions. After individual correction, the results of the laboratory and field study revealed high correlations compared to ear canal infrared thermometry for hospital use. After performance of the real-life working tasks, this correlation was found to be moderate. It was also observed that the ambient environmental outdoor conditions and personal protective clothing influenced the accuracy and resulted in unrealistic ear canal temperature outliers. It was found that the Cosinuss° °Temp thermometer did not result in significant interference during work. Therefore, it was concluded that, without a correction factor, the Cosinuss° °Temp thermometer is inaccurate. Nevertheless, with a correction factor, the reliability of this wearable ear canal thermometer was confirmed at rest, but not in outdoor working conditions or while wearing a helmet or hearing protection equipment.

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Comparative analysis of methods for determining the clothing surface temperature (tcl) in order to provide a balance between man and the environment

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Models and Indicators to Assess Thermal Sensation Under Steady-State and Transient Conditions

Models and Indicators to Assess Thermal Sensation Under Steady-State and Transient Conditions

Fifty Years of PMV Model: Reliability, Implementation and Design of Software for Its Calculation

Evaluation of a Wearable Non-Invasive Thermometer for Monitoring Ear Canal Temperature during Physically Demanding (Outdoor) Work

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